基于^(15)N示踪技术的不同水肥条件下玉米氮素利用实验  

Experiment on Nitrogen Utilization of Maize under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions Based on ^(15)N Tracing Technique

作　　者：张忠学 尚文彬 郑恩楠 陈帅宏 陈鹏 刘明 ZHANG Zhongxue;SHANG Wenbin;ZHENG Ennan;CHEN Shuaihong;CHEN Peng;LIU Ming(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of High Efficiency Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第10期292-299,346,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD12B01)

摘　　要：为了研究不同水肥条件下玉米对氮肥的吸收利用情况,试验采用^(15)N示踪技术,通过设置3个灌溉水平(200、400、600 m^3/hm^2)以及5个施氮水平(0、150、200、250、300 kg/hm^2)研究了玉米成熟期各器官对肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收情况,不同水肥处理肥料氮对土壤氮的激发规律以及各处理的氮肥有效率。结果表明:不同水肥条件下玉米吸收肥料中氮素占总氮量的33.32%~43.54%,吸收土壤中氮素占总氮量的56.46%~66.68%。各器官对肥料氮的竞争能力不同,由大到小表现为:籽粒、叶、茎。增加施氮量可以适当提升玉米对土壤中氮素的吸收能力,但过量施氮时必须通过增加灌水量才能使玉米从土壤吸收更多的氮素。当灌水量为400 m^3/hm^2,施氮量为250 kg/hm^2时产量达到1 406 3.04 kg/hm^2,土壤氮库达到平衡状态,既实现了高产又满足环境友好需求。The aim was to study absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer of maize under different water and fertilizer conditions by using the 15 N tracer technique.Three irrigation levels(200 m 3/hm 2,400 m 3/hm 2 and 600 m 3/hm 2)and five nitrogen application levels(0 kg/hm 2,150 kg/hm 2,200 kg/hm 2,250 kg/hm 2 and 300 kg/hm 2)were set.The absorption of nitrogen from fertilizer and soil in different organs of maize was studied at maturation stage.Soil nitrogen excitation effect and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under different water and fertilizer conditions were also studied.The results showed that the nitrogen absorbed from fertilizer by maize accounted for 33.32%~43.54%and the nitrogen absorbed from soil by maize accounted for 56.46%~66.68%under different water and fertilizer conditions.It was showed that soil was the main nitrogen source of maize growth.The different organs’competitive ability to nitrogen from fertilizer was different,and the expression in a descending trend was grain,leaf and stem.Increasing of nitrogen application could improve the absorption ability of maize to nitrogen from soil,but it was necessary to increase the amount of water when excessive nitrogen was applied,in order to make the maize absorb more nitrogen from soil.The 15 N residue in 0~60 cm soil layer was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.With the increase of irrigation volume,the residual amount of 15 N on the surface was decreased.When the amount of irrigation was 400 m 3/hm 2 and nitrogen applied was 250 kg/hm 2,the yield reached 14 063.04 kg/hm 2,and the soil nitrogen reservoir was in equilibrium state which not only achieved high production,but also met the needs of environment friendly.The conclusion can provide reference for the management of corn fertilizer and water and the sustainable development of agriculture.

关 键 词：玉米 水肥耦合 氮素吸收 同位素示踪技术 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S311