微喷灌结合滴灌对温室高温环境和作物生长生理特性的影响  

Effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation combined with drip irrigation on greenhouse high temperature environment and crop growth physiological characteristics

作　　者：张川[1] 张亨年 闫浩芳[2] Samuel Joe Acquah 邢德科[1] Zhang Chuan;Zhang Hengnian;Yan Haofang;Samuel Joe Acquah;Xing Deke(Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学农业装备工程学院,镇江212013 [2]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,镇江212013

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第20期83-89,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51609103，51509107)；江苏省自然科学基金(BK20150509，BK20140546)。

摘　　要：微喷灌结合滴灌是指在作物根区滴灌的基础上对作物冠层进行微喷灌来改善作物生长环境的一种灌水方式。为了探明微喷灌结合滴灌(micro-sprinkler irrigation combined with drip irrigation,MSDI)和地表滴灌(surface drip irrigation,SDI)2种灌水方式下温室高温环境及作物生长生理特性的差异及响应规律,该研究以黄瓜为试验对象,于2017年2-6月开展了2种灌水方式下温室环境及黄瓜生长生理特性的观测试验。结果表明:在改变温室环境方面,MSDI灌水方式较SDI可增加温室内相对湿度,降低气温,同时降低叶片温度约4℃;在作物生长生理特性方面,采用MSDI可增加黄瓜株高与茎粗,降低作物茎流速率,促进黄瓜生长;2种灌水方式下黄瓜最大光合效率几乎一致,分别为0.74和0.77,但日平均实际光合效率差异明显,分别为0.57和0.47,MSDI灌水方式下黄瓜叶片日平均气孔导度和光合速率比SDI方式分别高182.8%和92.4%。该研究成果对于合理调控温室高温环境、提高温室作物产量具有重要的指导意义。Micro-sprinkler irrigation combined with drip irrigation(MSDI)refers to the use of crop canopy micro-sprinkler irrigation to improve crop growth environment on the basis of drip irrigation.The differences in greenhouse high temperature environment and crop growth physiological characteristics under two kinds of irrigation modes,MSDI and surface drip irrigation(SDI),were compared and analysed.The field observations of greenhouse high temperature environment and growth physiological characteristics of cucumber under two irrigation modes were conducted in a Venlo-type glass greenhouse in Jiangsu China from February to June 2017.The results show that greenhouse environmental variables like temperature and humidity of the canopy at different heights(0.8,1.3 and 1.8 m)during night hours(18:00-06:00)are basically the same.However,with the increase of solar radiation during the daytime hours,the air temperature rises whereas the relative humidity falls.The pattern of fluctuation is as follows:The highest air temperature and the lowest relative humidity all occur at 1.8 m level;the highest relative humidity and the lowest air temperature also occur at 0.8 m level;and the air temperature and relative humidity levels at height 1.3 m appeared to be intermediate between that of the 0.8 and 1.8 m.The application of MSDI can increase the relative humidity of the greenhouse,reduce the air temperature and the leaf temperature to about 4℃.In terms of crop growth physiology characteristics,MSDI can increase plant height and stem diameterand promote cucumber plant growth.Correlation analysis results showed that the sap flow rate of cucumber plant was significantly positively correlated with air temperature,solar radiation and net radiation(P<0.01),and significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity(P<0.01).Applying MSDI can reduce the sap flow rate by decreasing the air temperature and increasing the relative humidity.The maximum photosynthetic efficiencies of cucumber under the two irrigation modes were almost the same

关 键 词：灌溉 温室 作物 微喷灌 地表滴灌 茎流速率 光合速率 光合效率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]