华北平原不同降水年型和作物种植模式下的产量和耗水模拟  

Crop yield and water consumption of different cropping patterns under different precipitation years in North China Plain

作　　者：赵彦茜 肖登攀[1] 齐永青[2] 柏会子 Zhao Yanxi;Xiao Dengpan;Qi Yongqing;Bai Huizi(Institute of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application,Shijiazhuang 050011,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省科学院地理科学研究所/河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心,石家庄050011 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中科院农业水资源重点实验室,石家庄050021

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第20期108-116,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41401104);河北省自然科学基金资助项目(D2015302017)

摘　　要：华北平原是中国重要的粮食生产基地,在国家粮食产业中地位较高,但长期灌溉造成了华北平原地下水资源的严重亏损,地下水位持续下降。该研究利用APSIM模型对华北平原1986-2015年不同种植模式下的产量和耗水情况进行模拟研究,为华北平原调整作物种植模式、农业水资源管理以及农业发展政策的制定提供科学依据。研究结果表明:APSIM模型能够较好地模拟冬小麦和夏玉米的生育期、产量及水分利用特征,其中生育期模拟结果的误差在5d之内,产量、ET和下渗量模拟结果的R2均在0.84以上,表明该模型在华北平原具有较好的适用性;在华北平原地区,冬小麦–夏玉米一年两熟种植模式(M2Y1)年均产量(13 445 kg/hm2)最高,但耗水量(724 mm)也是最大,水分亏损(233 mm)最为严重;一年一熟种植模式(M1Y1)年均耗水量(534 mm)较小,水分亏损量(43 mm)最少,但产量(9 215 kg/hm2)较低;两年三熟种植模式(M3Y2)兼顾产量和耗水,在保证一定产量的前提下减少了耗水量,产量耗水综合效果最好,适合在华北平原推广实行。此外,该研究对栾城站丰水年、平水年和枯水年等不同降水年型下的3种种植模式产量耗水特征进行了对比分析,研究表明在华北平原降水资源对于作物生长有重要意义,年降水量越大,作物产量越高,水分亏损量越少。North China Plain is the important grain production base in China,and the status in the national food industry is very high.However,long-term irrigation has caused heavy losses of groundwater resources in North China Plain,and then groundwater level continues to decline.Crop model can simulate crop growth in a variety of simulation scenarios based on the present research experiments,predict some unknown risks,optimize the management measures of agricultural resources and provide scientific guidance for management of agricultural production.APSIM(agricultural production system simulator model)model is just typical representative of crop model.Therefore,the study used APSIM model to simulate the yield and water consumption situation under different cropping patterns in North China Plain during 1986-2015,to provide scientific basis for adjusting crop planting pattern,agricultural water resource management and agricultural development policy formulation in North China Plain.The results showed that APSIM model could well simulate the winter wheat and summer maize growth period,yield and water use characteristics.The error of crop growth period simulation results was within 5 d,and the R2 values of production,ET and drain simulation results were above 0.84.The results proved that the model had better applicability in North China Plain;the annual yield of wheat-maize double-cropping system(M2Y1)was 13 445 kg/hm2,followed by the yield of 11 076 kg/hm2 for the two-year cropping pattern of winter wheat/summer maize/early maize(M3Y2),and the lowest yield per year was 9 215 kg/hm2 for early maize one-year cropping pattern(M1Y1)with the decreasing trend of-2 000 kg/hm2.The trend of ET corresponding to yield was 724 mm(M2Y1)>631 mm(M3Y2)>534 mm(M1Y1),while the decreasing trend was-100 mm.The quantity of drain and overdraft of M2Y1,M3Y2 and M1Y1 all decreased,but the decreasing trend of drain was not significant while the decreasing trend of overdraft was similar to that of ET,which was?100 mm.Comparing yield and water consumpt

关 键 词：作物 模型 耗水 种植模式 APSIM模型 降水年型 华北平原 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学]