生物质炭对土壤养分及设施蔬菜产量与品质的影响  

Effects of biochar on soil nutrients, yield and quality of vegetables

作　　者：李丽 王雪艳 田彦芳 王耀生 李贵桐[3,1] 林启美[1,3] 赵小蓉[3,1] LI Li;WANG Xue-yan;TIAN Yan-fang;WANG Yao-sheng;LI Gui-tong;LIN Qi-mei;ZHAO Xiao-rong(Collage of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;;Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]中国农业大学华北耕地保育重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第5期1237-1244,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B03)资助

摘　　要：【目的】我国是世界最大的温室蔬菜生产国,但随着种植年限的增长,温室设施栽培中土壤次生盐渍化、蔬菜品质降低及作物减产等问题日益突出。本文以生物质炭为土壤改良剂施用于温室大棚蔬菜栽培中,分析其对蔬菜生长和土壤养分供应的影响,从而探索一种绿色可持续发展的设施农业生产方式。同时,也为生物质炭在大棚蔬菜栽培中的合理施用提供依据。【方法】采用田间试验方法,以温室大棚西芹和茄子为研究对象,试验共设5个生物质炭施用水平,分别为0、20、40、80和160 t/hm^2,依次记为B0、B20、B40、B80和B160处理。分析了蔬菜产量、西芹植株硝酸盐含量、茄子维生素C含量及过氧化氢酶活性和土壤养分含量。【结果】与B0相比,B20和B160处理能够提高西芹产量,增产幅度分别达31.6%和30.3%,B40和B80处理对西芹产量无显著影响;B20处理对西芹硝酸盐含量无显著影响,B40、B80和B160处理显著降低了西芹植株硝酸盐含量,降低幅度分别达37.0%、37.2%和49.1%,但处理间差异不显著。施用生物质炭对茄子产量、茄子维生素C含量与过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著,当施用量达160 t/hm^2时,反而抑制了茄子果实氮、磷养分积累。与B0相比,施用生物质炭有效增加了西芹收获后土壤速效钾含量,其中,B80和B160处理增加幅度分别为95.8%和196.2%;茄子收获后,B160处理土壤速效钾增加幅度达165.5%。施用生物质炭对土壤有效磷含量无显著影响,对土壤碱解氮含量的影响较为复杂,即对西芹收获后土壤碱解氮含量影响不显著,却降低了茄子收获后土壤碱解氮含量,其中,B40、B80和B160处理降低幅度分别达11.7%、10.0%和20.3%。经济效益分析表明,B20处理温室大棚经济收益最高,与B0相比纯收入增加9.4%;随着生物质炭施用量增多,肥料投入成本加大,B160处理收益最低。【结论】在本试验条件下,生物质炭用量为20 t/h【Objectives】China is the largest producer of greenhouse vegetables in the world.However,with the continuation of planting years,problems such as soil secondary salinization,decreased vegetable quality and reduced yields,are becoming increasingly prominent.In this study,biochar was used in greenhouse vegetable cultivation as soil amendment to investigate its effect on growth of vegetables and soil nutrient supply,to explore a green and sustainable method for agricultural production in greenhouse and seek a basis for the rational application of biochar in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.【Methods】Field experiments were conducted in a greenhouse,celery and eggplant were planted successively as the tested crops.The treatments were comprised of five biochar addition levels:0(B0),20(B20),40(B40),80(B80),and 160 t/hm2(B160)biochar.The effects of biochar on vegetable yields,nitrate content of celery,vitamin C content and catalase activity of eggplant,and soil nutrients were studied.【Results】Compared with B0,B20 and B160 treatments increased celery yield by 31.6%and 30.3%,respectively,whereas B40 and B80 treatments had no significant effect on celery yield.B20 treatment had no significant effect on celery nitrate content,but B40,B80 and B160 treatments significantly reduced the celery nitrate content by 37.0%,37.2%and 49.1%,respectively,the difference among treatments was not significant.On eggplant,the application of biochar had no significant effect on the yields,VC content and catalase activity.When the amount of biochar increased to 160 t/hm2(B160),the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of eggplant fruit was inhibited.Compared with B0,B80 and B160 treatments significantly increased soil available potassium content by 95.8%and 196.2%after harvesting celery,respectively,while B160 treatment increased soil available potassium content by 165.5%after harvesting eggplant.For soil available phosphorus content,the addition of biochar had no significant effect in two cultivation seasons.In contrast,the effect of

关 键 词：生物质炭 西芹 茄子 土壤养分 长期效应 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学]