水基共聚物–生物炭复合材料包膜尿素制备及其性能  

Preparation and characteristics of urea coated with water-based copolymer-biochar composite film material

作　　者：陈松岭[1] 蒋一飞[1] 巴闯 杨明 邹洪涛[1] 张玉龙[1] CHEN Song-ling;JIANG Yi-fei;BA Chuang;YANG Ming;ZOU Hong-tao;ZHANG Yu-long(College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Northeast China),Ministry of Agriculture/National Engineering Laboratory for Efficiency Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第5期1245-1254,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572206);国家科技支撑项目(2015BAD23B0203);辽宁省"百千万人才工程"经费;辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划资助

摘　　要：【目的】生物炭作为肥料包膜支撑材料既能增强膜材料的性能,又能为作物生长提供养分,通过向水基共聚物中添加不同用量及粒级的生物炭来制备水基共聚物–生物炭复合包膜材料及包膜尿素,并研究所制备的水基共聚物–生物炭复合膜材料性能及其制成的包膜尿素表面微观结构特性、缓释效果,获得环境友好、价格相对低廉的水基共聚物–生物炭膜材料的最佳配比。以期为环境友好、养分缓释效果好的包膜缓释肥料研发和应用提供理论依据。【方法】以PVA、PVP和玉米秸秆基生物炭为供试材料,采用有机聚合方法制备水基共聚物–生物炭复合膜材料。通过对其吸水率、渗透率、降解特性的研究明确包膜材料各组分适宜配比,以及制备缓释效果好的包膜尿素并研究其表面微观结构特性。同时采用田间小区试验研究以此膜材料为基础制备的包膜尿素在比常规施氮量减少20%情况下对玉米产量及其产量构成因素的影响。【结果】添加生物炭后制备的水基共聚物–生物炭复合包膜材料A_1B_1C_1、A_1B_2C_2、A_3B_2C_1的吸水率与同水平水基共聚物膜材料相比显著降低,分别降低了35.3%、37.3%、26.7%。通过对处理A_1B_1C_1、A_1B_2C_2、A_3B_2C_1进一步分析表明,在水基共聚物浓度为6.0%、生物炭用量为3.0%、粒级为0.250~0.150 mm时制备的水基共聚物–生物炭复合包膜材料(A1B1C1)有着相对较低的铵的渗透率及水的渗透率,在培养前期有着较低的质量损失率,但在45 d后质量损失率则相对较高,有利于前期养分的缓慢释放及后期膜材料的快速降解。通过扫描电镜分析发现水基共聚物–生物炭复合膜材料(A1B1C1)在埋土培养后表面变得更加粗糙,并且组织更加松散;以水基共聚物–生物炭复合膜材料(A_1B_1C_1)为基础制备的包膜尿素CB包膜层上则有着大小不一的孔隙,有包膜物质渗透到尿素颗�【Objectives】Biochar could be used as a support material to enhance the properties of coated materials and deliver plant nutrients.A novel slow-release fertilizer was developed using biochar and water-based copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as coating materials.A further study was conducted on the properties of water based polymer-biochar composite coating materials and the surface microstructure,slow release effects of coated urea.Finally,the optimal proportion of water-based copolymerbiocar film materials,which are widely sourced,environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive,was obtained.This study help provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of environmentally friendly,nutrient sustained-release fertilizer.【Methods】The water based copolymer-biochar composite film materials were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol,polyvinylpyrrolidone and biochar.Through the analysis of its water absorption,permeability,and biological degradation,the suitable ratio of coating materials and slow release effects of coated urea were screened out and its surface microstructure characteristic was further studied.A field trial was conducted on the effects on yield and yield components of maize when the rate of nitrogen was reduced by 20%.【Results】The water absorbency of A1B1C1,A1B2C2,A3B2C1 were 35.3%,37.3%,26.7%lower than those of corresponding non-biochar copolymer.However,there was no difference among the three treatments.Among A1B1C1,A1B2C2,and A3B2C1,A1B1C1 had lower NH4+permeability and water permeability,and early stage mass loss,but higher mass loss later(after 45 days)at copolymer concentration of 6.0%,biochar 3.0%and the particle size 0.250–0.150 mm.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed that the surface of the water based polymer-biachor composite coating material was rougher after burying,and the tissue was looser.While there were different sizes of pores in the coating layer,the coating material penetrated into the gaps on the surface of the urea parti

关 键 词：水基共聚物 生物炭 微结构 质量损失率 缓释性能 

分 类 号：TQ441.41[化学工程—化学肥料工业]