连续施用无害化污泥堆肥对沙质潮土肥力的影响  

Effects of continuous application of non-hazardous sewage sludge compost on fertility of sandy fluvo-aquic soil

作　　者：冀拯宇 周吉祥 郭康莉[1] 刘晓[1] 朱兴娟 姜慧敏[1] 杨俊诚[1] 李桂花[1] 张建峰[1] JI Zheng-yu;ZHOU Ji-xiang;GUO Kang-li;LIU Xiao;ZHU Xing-juan;JIANG Hui-min;YANG Jun-cheng;LI Gui-hua;ZHANG Jian-feng(National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]耕地培育技术国家工程实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第5期1276-1284,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21577172;41501322);国际科技合作专项(2015DFA20790);国家重点研发计划专项课题(2018YFD0800402);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项–所级统筹项目(1610132016037)资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究连续施用无害化污泥堆肥对土壤肥力和环境质量的影响,为无害化污泥资源化利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】通过2013—2015年田间定位试验,每年按照当地农民施肥量在小麦和玉米季分别施用N 225 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 86 kg/hm^2和K_2O 113 kg/hm^2 (CK)基础上,施用无害化污泥堆肥15 t/hm^2 (W1)、30t/hm^2 (W2)和45 t/hm^2 (W3),共四个处理,每个处理3次重复。小麦、玉米收获后,采集0—20 cm土层样品,测定常规土壤理化性质、重金属含量以及微生物量碳氮(SMBC、SMBN)。采用内梅罗指数法计算土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾分肥力系数IFIi,以及土壤综合肥力指数(integrated fertility index,IFI)。【结果】1)施用污泥堆肥处理IFI在试验的第三年(2015年)玉米季达到最大值,与CK相比,W1、W2和W3处理IFI分别显著提升了57.3%、95.2%和127.5%(P <0.05),说明连续施用污泥堆肥可以有效提高土壤肥力水平,其中W3处理效果最明显。2) SMBC和SMBN含量随污泥堆肥施用时间增加而增加。相同作物同一污泥堆肥施用量处理,第三年(2015年)的SMBC和SMBN含量均显著高于第一年(2013年)。W1、W2和W3处理SMBC含量在2015年小麦季达到最大值,较CK分别显著提高了109.9%、176.2%和216.8%(P <0.05);W1、W2和W3处理SMBN含量在2015年玉米季达到最大值,较CK分别显著提高了55.6%、100.5%和162.3%(P <0.05)。3)施污泥堆肥处理的土壤和植物籽粒中重金属含量分别低于国家环境质量二级标准(GB15618—1995)和国家农产品质量安全规定的限量值。根据土壤肥力分级参考标准(NY/T 391—2000),2015年玉米季W2和W3处理的土壤肥力已经达到I级,培肥作用显著,但长期大量施用导致的土壤重金属累积风险还需长期监测。【结论】施用重金属含量达到国家标准的无害化污泥堆肥,可以在短期内有效提升沙质潮土的土壤肥力质量,改善土壤微生物学特性。本试�【Objectives】In order to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the utilization of harmless sludge,a study was conducted to investigate the effects of non-hazardous sewage sludge compost on soil fertility and environment quality.【Methods】Experiments were conducted in wheat-maize rotation system during 2013 to 2015.At the base of applying N 225 kg/hm2,P2O5 86 kg/hm2 and K2O 113 kg/hm2(CK),sewage sludge compost was applied at rates of 15 t/hm2(W1),30 t/hm2(W2)and 45 t/hm2(W3)before the sowing of wheat and maize.After every harvest,the soil samples of 0–20 cm depth were collected,basic physical and chemical properties,heavy metal contents and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents(SMBC and SMBN)were analyzed.The individual soil fertility index of pH,organic matter,total N,available P and available K(IFIi)were calculated,and the soil integrated fertility index(IFI)was obtained using modified Nemero formula to evaluate the soil fertility quality.【Results】1)IFI in sludge-treated soils increased with the experimental years.Compared with CK,IFI of W1,W2 and W3 treatments were significantly(P<0.05)increased by 57.3%,95.2%and 127.5%in 2015 maize season,respectively,indicating that applying sewage sludge compost effectively improved the soil fertility.2)SMBC and SMBN contents were increased with the experimental years as well.The SMBC and SMBN contents of the same treatment in the same harvest season were significantly improved from 2013 to 2015.In 2015,the highest SMBC content was in wheat season,which were significantly increased by 109.9%,176.2%and 216.8%in W1,W2 and W3,compared with the CK;the highest SMBN content was in maize season,which were significantly raised by 55.6%,100.5%and 162.3%in W1,W2 and W3 treatments,compared with the CK(P<0.05).3)The heavy metal contents in both sludge-treated soils and plant grains were far below the national environmental quality standards GB15618–1995 and the limits in the“agricultural product quality safety regulations of the state”.Refer

关 键 词：沙质潮土 无害化污泥堆肥 综合肥力指数 土壤微生物量碳氮 土壤和植物籽粒重金属 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]