不同叶面肥对烤烟Cd吸收及烟叶品质的影响  

Effect of different foliar fertilizers on Cd uptake by tobacco cultivars and qualities of tobacco leaves

作　　者：李晓越 段淑辉 周志成 刘勇军 李杉杉[1,2] 赵中秋 王萌[2] 陈世宝[2] LI Xiao-yue;DUAN Shu-hui;ZHOU Zhi-cheng;LIU Yong-jun;LI Shan-shan;ZHAO Zhong-qiu;WANG Meng;CHEN Shi-bao(School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;College of Resource&Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Tobacco Science Institute,Changsha 410010,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]农业部植物营养与肥料重点试验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [4]湖南省烟草科学研究所,湖南长沙410010

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第5期1330-1337,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中国烟草总公司湖南省公司科技专项(16-19Aa04);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800707);国家支撑计划课题(2015BAD05B03)资助

摘　　要：【目的】农田土壤Cd污染已经成为影响烟草安全生产的主要影响因素之一。降低烟叶Cd吸收转运及Cd污染,对烟叶品质的影响研究对低危害烟草的生产具有重要意义。本文研究不同叶面肥对烟草Cd吸收及烟叶品质的影响,以期为植烟区Cd污染农田的安全利用提供理论依据。【方法】选取了南方植烟区的红泥田(Cd 0.515 mg/kg)、黄泥田(Cd 1.862 mg/kg)及青紫泥田(Cd 1.145 mg/kg),以南方主栽烤烟云-87和K-326为测试品种,进行了盆栽试验。以喷施蒸馏水为对照,选择了有机络合Zn叶面肥、腐植酸络合K型叶面肥、硅溶胶铁型叶面肥三种叶面肥(编号分别为FI-1、FI-2、FI-3)进行试验,在烟草移栽后第21、36和49天进行喷施,每次连续喷施三天。调查了烟草生物量、烟叶Cd含量和烟草品质指标。【结果】1)与对照(喷施蒸馏水,CK)相比,在烟草苗期、团棵期和旺长期喷施3种不同叶面肥对云-87与K-326的烟叶干重有明显增加作用,其中,FI-1对烟叶干重增加效果最好,云-87与K-326的烟叶干重分别增加了24.4%和30.8%;不同叶面肥在三种不同性质土壤中对烟叶增重效果顺序为FI-1> FI-2≈FI-3;2)不同叶面肥处理可明显降低云-87与K-326中部烟叶Cd含量。与对照相比,在红泥田(A)土中,云-87与K-326烟叶Cd含量分别降低18.0%~35.7%、26.2%~40.2%;在黄泥田(B)中,云-87与K-326烟叶Cd含量分别降低10.3%~36.1%和24.8%~42.2%;在青紫泥田(C)土壤中,云-87与K-326烟叶Cd含量分别降低26.1%~33.0%和19.4%~30.8%。不同叶面肥对三种不同性质土壤上烟叶Cd降低的总体效果为FI-1> FI-2> FI-3。3)三种叶面肥处理烟叶中总氮、钾含量比对照有明显增加,其中FI-1、FI-2处理与对照(CK)相比均差异显著(P <0.05);而与对照相比,不同叶面肥均在一定程度降低了烟叶中烟碱与氯的含量(P <0.05),其中FI-1、FI-2处理烟叶中烟碱与氯含量显著降低,而FI-3处理效果不明显;三种不同叶面肥【Objectives】Soil Cd pollution is concerned for the safety of tobacco cultivation.How to prevent the uptake and transport of Cd by tobacco has been attempted in many ways.The study investigated the effects of foliar fertilizers on reducing Cd uptake and improving tobacco quality to provide a cost effective way for the safe production of tobacco in Cd polluted soils.【Methods】A pot experiment was carried out using red clay soil(Cd 0.515 mg/kg),yellow clay soil(Cd 1.862 mg/kg)and cyan clay soil(Cd 1.145 mg/kg),and two cultivars of tobacco,Y-87 and K-326,were selected as tested materials.Taking distilled water as control,three kinds of foliar fertilizers,i.e.organic chelated-Zn foliar fertilizer(FI-1),humic acid chelated-K foliar fertilizer(FI-2)and silica sol iron foliar fertilizer(FI-3),were sprayed on the 21st,36th and 49th day since the tobacco seedlings were transplanted.At harvest,the biomass of tobacco was weighted,the Cd contents in different parts were determined,and the uptake and tobacco quality indices were measured.【Results】1)Spraying foliar fertilizers significant increased the dry weight of tobacco leaves,and the best effect was observed with fertilizer of FI-1 with a maximum increase of 24.4%in Y-87 and 30.8%in K-326.The less effects were by fertilizer FI-2 and FI-3 and the twos were similar with each other.2)Compared with control,the Cd contents in the middle leaves of tobacco were decreased significantly(P<0.05).The average decrement of middle leaf Cd contents for Y-87 and K-326 were 18.0%–35.7%and 26.2%–40.2%in paddy soil,10.3%–36.1%and 24.8%–42.2%in yellow mud,and 26.1%–33.0%and 19.4%–30.8%in duck feces mud soil.The effect of foliar fertilizers on Cd uptake generally followed the order of FI-1>FI-2>FI-3.3)The total N and K contents in tobacco leaves were increased by spray of foliar fertilizers,and the increase reached significant levels merely by fertilizer FI-1 and FI-2(P<0.05).The nicotine and chlorine contents were decreased,and the decrease reached significant levels by

关 键 词：叶面肥 烟草 CD 烟叶品质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]