大当量浅埋地下爆炸抛掷成坑效应的缩比模拟实验装置  

Development of the testing apparatus for modeling large equivalent underground cratering explosions

作　　者：徐小辉 邱艳宇[1,2] 王明洋 邵鲁中[2] XU Xiaohui;QIU Yanyu;WANG Mingyang;SHAO Luzhong(College of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;State Key Laboratory of Explosion&Impact and Disaster Prevention&Mitigation,Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]陆军工程大学爆炸冲击防灾减灾国家重点实验室,江苏南京210007

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2018年第6期1333-1343,共11页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51409257)

摘　　要：针对当前地下爆炸物理模型实验无法模拟大当量地下爆炸抛掷弹坑和疏松鼓包现象的难题,基于相似理论,采用地下爆炸效应真空室模型实验方法,研制了考虑重力影响的大当量地下爆炸效应模拟实验装置。整套装置由容器罐体、快开门密闭机构、爆源系统、真空泵组、量测控制系统等组成,提出的新型爆源模拟装置可以实现精确起爆控制。该装置可模拟0.1~100 kt TNT、埋深20~400 m范围内不同比尺的地下核爆炸成坑和隆起实验,同时也能够模拟不同装药配置方案、不同地质条件下的大当量地下浅埋化爆抛掷实验。典型的核爆抛掷成坑模型实验结果表明,装置实验参数精确可调,实验过程可控,实验结果可信,为钻地核武器地下爆炸毁伤效应分析和大型工程爆破效果预测预报提供了实验室模拟和科学研究设备,填补了爆炸离心机无法模拟大当量地下爆炸抛掷成坑效应的空白。Aiming at solving the difficult problem of simulating the ejection crater and loose bulging under underground explosion,a method of vacuum chamber for simulating underground explosion effects is presented based on the similarity theory,and a testing apparatus is developed.The core assemblies of this apparatus consist of pressure vessel,fast-open door enclosed mechanism,explosive source simulation system with accurate burst control,vacuum pump air-removal system and instrumentation system.This set of apparatus could model the underground explosions with the equivalent of 0.1-100 kt TNT and the buried depth of 20-400 m,and it also could simulate the large-scale explosions with different charge schemes under complicated geological conditions.The typical modeling experimental results show that the apparatus is accurately adjusted and technically controllable,and that the experimental results are reliable.The testing apparatus for large-scale underground cratering explosions could provide assistances for both the damage effect analysis of the ejection explosions subject to earth-penetrating nuclear weapons and the prediction and forecast of the large-scale engineering blasting,and fill the shot of centrifuge cratering experiment which cannot model the large-scale underground explosions.

关 键 词：大当量浅埋爆炸 相似模型实验 装置研制 地下核爆炸 工程爆破 

分 类 号：O382.2[理学—流体力学] TP91[理学—力学]