热喷涂涂层缺陷形成机理与组织结构调控研究概述  

A Review on Thermally Sprayed Coating Defects Formation Mechanism and Microstructure Modification

作　　者：周超极 朱胜[1] 王晓明 韩国峰 周克兵 徐安阳 ZHOU Chaoji;ZHU Sheng;WANG Xiaoming;HAN Guofeng;ZHOU Kebing;XU Anyang(National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing,Academy of Army Armored Force,Beijing 100072)

机构地区：[1]陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京100072

出　　处：《材料导报》2018年第19期3444-3455,3464,共13页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51775556;51375493);国际科技合作专项(2015DFG51920)

摘　　要：热喷涂技术是再制造工程的关键支撑技术之一,在高端装备零部件防磨抗蚀方面发挥着重要作用,是延长损伤零部件服役寿命的重要手段。热喷涂技术主要应用于装备零部件的表面防护、尺寸恢复和增材制造,在航空航天、燃气轮机、石油化工、交通运输等领域具有广阔的应用前景和发展空间。然而,随着复杂工况条件下高端装备对涂层性能要求的不断提高以及其他表面技术的蓬勃发展,热喷涂技术面临着提高涂层质量和性能的挑战。就涂层可靠性而言,由于热喷涂涂层层间结合有限、内部缺陷复杂,导致热喷涂涂层,特别是敏感材料的涂层质量通常不稳定,涂层抗拉、抗扭以及抗剪切性能较差,无法应用于高速、重载等环境。因此,阐明热喷涂涂层的缺陷形成机理,发展热喷涂涂层组织结构调控的新方法是近期热喷涂领域的研究热点和重要方向。国内外众多学者通过多年深入研究,采用SEM、TEM、MIP、XMT等手段表征了热喷涂涂层内部缺陷的形成机制与分布规律,建立了涂层微观结构参量与涂层重要力学指标间的映射关系模型,证实了涂层内部固有微观缺陷是限制涂层性能提升的关键症结。为突破制约涂层性能提升的瓶颈,研究者们致力于热喷涂涂层后处理理论及工艺研究,从组织结构调控的角度出发,改善涂层的性能。目前所采用的后处理方法主要包括重熔处理、退火处理、热等静压、喷丸和滚压强化等,有力地消除或减少了涂层内部的贯通孔隙,提高了粒子间的边界融合,改善了涂层内部残余应力的分布状况,提升了涂层的力学性能、耐磨损及抗腐蚀性能。但是从实际应用的角度考虑,目前采用的后处理方法的处理温度通常较高,装备零部件长时间处于高温处理环境,可能会使涂层或基体材料的组织劣化,失去组织结构调控的意义。所以,现有热喷涂涂层组织�As one of the key supporting technologies of remanufacturing engineering,thermal spraying technology plays an important role in anti-wear and corrosion protection of high-end equipment parts,and is also a crucial mean to prolong service life for damaged parts.It has a broad application prospect and development space in the aspects of surface protection,dimensional recovery and additive manufacturing for equipment components in the field of aerospace,gas turbine,petrochemical and transportation.On the other hand,with the requirement constant promotion of high-end equipment for coating service performance and conti-nued development of other surface technologies,thermal spraying technology is increasingly facing the challenge of improving coating quality and performance.In terms of coating reliability,bad adhesion and internal defects in the interlayers of thermal spraying coa-ting may be causing the instability of coating quality such as poor tensile,torsion or shear resistance properties especially for the sensitive material.As a result,thermal sprayed coatings cannot be applied to high-speed reloading environment.Therefore,elucidating defect formation and structure modification mechanism of thermal sprayed coatings is the hot spot and important direction in the field of thermal spraying.Through several years of research,many scholars have characterized the formation mechanism and distributing disciplinarian of internal defects of thermal spray coating by SEM,TEM,MIP,XMT,etc.and established the mapping relation model between coating microstructure parameters and coating mechanical behavior,which proves that the inherent microscopic defects of coating are the key sticking point to limit coating performance.In order to break through the bottleneck that restricts the performance of coatings,researchers are committed to the research of theory and technology of thermal sprayed coating post-processing,and begin to improve the performance of coatings from the perspective of organizational structure modification.At presen

关 键 词：热喷涂涂层 缺陷形成机理 结构调控 

分 类 号：TG174.442[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]