缅甸政治转型期的佛教民族主义——宗教能力和政治需求的互动联盟  

Buddhist Nationalism and Myanmar's Political Transition:A Dynamic Alliance between Religious Capacities and Political Needs

作　　者：张蕾[1] Zhang Lei

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2018年第3期110-128,152,153,共21页South Asian Studies

基　　金：2015年度广西大学中国-东盟研究院委托重大项目课题"21世纪‘海上丝绸之路’如何惠及民众研究"(项目批准号:CWZD201501)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：反穆斯林暴力冲突已成为缅甸政治转型过程中不能被忽视的重要社会现象和造成缅甸当前外交困境的重要原因。而缅甸国内宗教族群间的紧张局势之所以未因政治转型而缓解,与佛教民族主义的兴起有密切关系。本文在对国内外相关文献梳理归纳的基础上,首先从历史分析的角度分阶段讨论缅甸19世纪末以来佛教宗教能力和国内政治需求的变化,论证佛教民族主义的产生与发展是宗教能力和政治需求互动联盟的结果。其次,本文以缅甸最大的佛教民族主义组织——"缅甸种族宗教保卫联合会"(MaBaTha)为例,运用案例分析法和过程追踪法再次论证,佛教民族主义之所以能在处于政治转型期的缅甸迅速发展,一方面是由于缅甸佛教强大的传统宗教能力提供了可能性,另一方面是由于转型时期缅甸强烈的国内政治需求创造了必要性和根本动力。最后,本文就如何应对佛教民族主义的挑战提出四点建议。Anti-Muslim violence has emerged as a considerable societal issue in Myanmar and a threat to Myanmar’s current diplomacy.The rise of Buddhist nationalism is a core element explaining why Myanmar’s political transition has not been able to reduce tensions between the country’s religious groups.On the basis of a review of literature available in China and internationally,this article discusses changes in Buddhist religious capacities and domestic political needs since the end of the 19th Century from a historical perspective and argues that the emergence of Buddhist nationalism was an outcome of dynamics between these two forces.The article then considers Myanmar’s largest Buddhist nationalist organization,Ma Ba Tha,and based on an analysis of this organization,argues that Buddhist nationalism developed rapidly in the period of political transition both because the strength of Myanmar’s Buddhist capacity made it possible,but further because political needs of the transition era drove the rise of such nationalism,which from a political standpoint was essential.Lastly,the article offers four suggestions regarding how Myanmar might address the challenges presented by Buddhist nationalism.

关 键 词：缅甸 佛教民族主义 政治转型 缅甸种族宗教保卫联合会 

分 类 号：D733.7[政治法律—政治学]