滴灌施氮对烤烟氮素吸收利用及土壤无机氮分布的影响  

Effect of drip nitrogen fertigation on flue-cured tobacco nitrogen absorption,utilization and distribution of soil mineral nitrogen

作　　者：孙泽东[1] 梁晓芳[1] 石屹[1] 马兴华[1] SUN Ze-dong;LIANG Xiao-fang;SHI Yi;MA Xing-hua(Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture,Qingdao Shandong 266101)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛266101

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第5期46-51,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203091)；中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC03)；中国烟草总公司山东省公司科技重点项目(201504)。

摘　　要：为明确适合烤烟生长并降低土壤氮素损失的滴灌施氮策略,为烤烟生产提供理论指导。以烤烟品种K326为材料,在盆栽条件下,研究了滴灌施氮对烤烟氮素积累、分配和利用及土壤无机氮含量与分布的影响。结果表明:移栽后28 d滴灌追氮一次,增加追氮比例,叶片的氮素含量、氮素积累量和分配比例增加,根和茎的氮素积累量和分配比例降低,烟株表观氮素利用率提高;土壤无机氮含量升高,土壤无机氮的表观盈余量降低。移栽时施氮50%,移栽后28和42 d滴灌追氮两次的氮素利用率显著高于追氮一次处理;而追氮比例为70%和90%时,氮素利用率低于追氮一次处理。移栽后滴灌追氮两次提高了距滴注点垂直距离5～20 cm和水平距离15～20 cm土层的土壤无机氮含量,降低了距滴注点垂直距离20～25 cm土层的土壤无机氮含量。从烟株氮素利用,土壤无机氮分布及盈余量等方面考虑,移栽时施氮50%,移栽后28 d滴灌追氮35%,42 d滴灌追氮15%可作为生产中参考的滴灌施肥制度。In order to determine if the drip nitrogen fertigation strategy is suitable for the growth of flue-cured tobacco and reduce soil nitrogen loss,and provide theoretical guidance for the production of flue-cured tobacco,10 different drip nitrogen fertigation treatments were designed using cultivar K326 in the pot culture,and the N accumulation,distribution and utilization of flue-cured tobacco and soil mineral N content were studied.The results showed that:for the treatments of topdressing only once after 28 days of transplantation,N content,N accumulation amount and distribution ratio of leaves,apparent N utilization efficiency(ANUE)and soil mineral N content increased with the increase of rate of N topdressing,N accumulation amount and distribution ratio of roots and stems and apparent budget of soil mineral N content were decreased.For the treatments of 50%of the N fertilizer used as base fertilizer,ANUE of topdressing twice on 28 and 42 days after transplantation were higher than that of topdressing only once,while ANUE was opposite under the conditions of 70%and 90%N topdressing.Topdressing twice increased soil mineral N content in the vertical direction(5～20 cm)distance and horizontal direction(15～20 cm)from the infusion point,and decreased soil mineral N content in the vertical direction(20～25 cm)distance from the infusion point,compared with topdressing only once.Considering the N absorption and utilization,soil mineral N distribution and surplus,50%of the nitrogen fertilizer used as base fertilizer,35%of the nitrogen fertilizer applied on 28 days after transplanting,15%of the nitrogen fertilizer applied on 42 days after transplanting could be recommended as the production of nitrogen fertigation system.

关 键 词：烤烟 滴灌追氮 氮素利用 土壤无机氮 土壤氮素盈余 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S572[农业科学—农业基础科学]