沼渣与化肥配施对玉米生长及土壤理化性状的影响  

Effect of the combination biogas residue with chemical fertilizer on the maize growth and physico-chemical properties of soil

作　　者：有婧仪 杨守军[1] 张忠兰[1] 张华东[1] YOU Jing-yi;YANG Shou-jun;ZHANG Zhong-lan;ZHANG Hua-dong(Yantai Institute,China Agricultural University,Yantai Shandong 264670)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学烟台研究院,山东烟台264670

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第5期97-101,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：作物秸秆循环利用关键技术研发与工程示范(2016-ZDJS11A07);面向环保的畜禽养殖粪污处理与循环利用关键技术(2017ZH097)

摘　　要：本研究以玉米为试材,探讨沼渣与化肥配施对玉米生长和土壤理化性质的影响,以期为沼渣资源化利用提供科学依据。试验共设5个处理,分别为CK(空白)、40%ZF+60%HF(40%沼渣+60%化肥)、60%ZF+40%HF(60%沼渣+40%化肥)、80%ZF+20%HF(80%沼渣+20%化肥)和100%HF(全化肥)。研究结果表明,沼渣施用能提高土壤有机质含量,含量高低与沼渣施用量呈正相关关系。与100%HF处理相比,沼渣与化肥配施在玉米的苗期(05-20)、拔节期(06-05)和抽穗期(06-28)降低了土壤中速效养分和叶片叶绿素含量,在玉米的完熟期(07-20)则提高了其含量。沼渣与化肥不同比例配施均能提高土壤p H值,以80%ZF+20%HF处理为最佳。玉米产量以40%ZF+60%HF处理为最高,但与60%ZF+40%HF处理间无差异。沼渣与化肥配施能提高玉米籽粒的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗淀粉的含量,玉米品质以80%ZF+20%HF处理最好。综合分析认为,沼渣替代40%的化肥是沼渣与化肥配施较为合理的比例。This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the combination biogas residue with chemical fertilizer on the maize growth and physico-chemical properties of soil with five treatments(CK,100%HF,40%ZF+60%HF,60%ZF+40%HF and 80%ZF+20%HF),based on the condition of equal nitrogen fertilization.The results showed that the combination biogas residue with chemical fertilizer increased organic matter concentration and the positive correlation was found between biogas residue amounts and organic matter concentration.In comparison to 100%HF treatment,the combination biogas residue and chemical fertilizer decreased available nutrient contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium in soil and leaf chlorophyll content at seedling stage(05-20),shooting stage(06-05)and heading stage(06-28),but increased them at maturing stage(07-20).The combination biogas residue with chemical fertilizer at different levels promoted the increase of the soil pH and it was found that the treatment of 80%ZF+20%HF was beneficial for pH increase.Maize yield was the highest with 40%ZF+60%HF,yet no differences were seen between 40%ZF+60%HF and 60%ZF+40%HF.The maize quality was improved including the increase in crude protein,crude fat and crude starch as biogas residue and chemical fertilizer were jointly applied into soil.The data also indicated that the combination 80%biogas residue with 20%chemical fertilizer waste was the best for maize quality.Therefore,it was concluded that the substitution of 40%chemical fertilizer with biogas residue was a reasonable proportion for maize growth.

关 键 词：沼渣 化肥 配施 玉米 养分 产量与品质 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]