混流式水轮机水力设计技术的研究和应用  

Research and application of the hydraulic design for Francis turbine

作　　者：彭忠年[1] 陈锐[1] 莫为泽[1] 田娅娟[1] 薛鹏[1] 王鑫[1] PENG Zhongnian;CHEN Rui;MO Weize;TIAN Yajuan;XUE Peng;WANG Xin(Department of Hydraulic Machinery,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水力机电研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2018年第5期479-486,共8页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：中国水科院科研专项(HM0145B412017;HM0145B212018)

摘　　要：混流式水轮机是水电站中应用最广泛的机型,其内部通流部件的水力设计影响整座电站的发电效益和稳定运行。本文介绍了近30年来中国水科院水力机电研究所混流式水轮机水力设计技术的研究和应用情况:在国内率先开展混流式水轮机内部流态观测试验研究,建立了水轮机水力稳定性表征形式;创新提出了叶片环量分布模型、叶片翼型计算方法和叶片积叠成型技术;实现了混流式水轮机"量体裁衣"式定制;提出的"丰枯水期双转轮配置"技术攻克了径流式水电站丰枯水期流量差别大、水轮机难以兼顾运行的技术难题;系统总结归纳了水电站技术改造的解决方案和流程。研究成果成功应用于国内外200余座新建和改造电站,取得了巨大的社会经济效益,极大地推动了行业的技术进步。Francis turbine is the most widely used turbine type in hydropower stations.The hydraulic design of the turbine affects the power benefit and stable operation of the power stations.The paper has outlined the research and application of the hydraulic design for Francis turbine in hydraulic machinery department of IWHR in the past 30 years.The first domestic flow pattern observation research of Francis turbine was developed by the Department of Hydraulic Machinery,IWHR,to explore the law of internal flow and pressure pulsation,and the hydraulic stability representation of the turbine was established.The mathematical model for inner flow field of turbine,the innovative design approach of runner blades,and the hydraulic design method of passage component were proposed.The constrained multi-objective optimization hydraulic design system of Francis turbine was developed to implement the tailor-made solutions of the Francis turbine.The technology of double-runner for wet and dry season has successfully solved the problem for run-of-river hydropower plants in which the flow rate has huge difference and the turbine cannot run well between the wet and dry season.The technical processes and solutions for hydropower plant renovation were systematically summarized.The research results have been successfully used in more than 200 new and renovation hydropower plants around the world.The great social and economic benefits have been achieved.The technological progress of hydropower industry has greatly been promoted.

关 键 词：混流式水轮机 水力模型 优化设计 技术改造 

分 类 号：TK733.1[交通运输工程—轮机工程]