氢氧氧铋包覆可膨胀石墨/聚乙烯复合材料阻燃特性研究  

Flame retardant properties of expandable graphite coated by nano-bismuth oxide hydroxide/polyethylene composite

作　　者：张昌海[1,2] 迟庆国 刘立柱[1] 陈阳[3] ZHANG Chang-hai;CHI Qing-guo;LIU Li-zhu;CHEN Yang(Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application,Ministry of Education,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China;School of Science,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China;School of Measurement-Control Technology and Communications Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学工程电介质及其应用教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [2]哈尔滨理工大学理学院,哈尔滨150080 [3]哈尔滨理工大学测控技术与通信工程学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《电机与控制学报》2018年第11期46-51,共6页Electric Machines and Control

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金特别资助(2012T50371);黑龙江省博士后科学基金特别资助(LBH-TZ0515)

摘　　要：针对传统阻燃剂可膨胀石墨与聚乙烯的相容性差,易产生"飞灰",生烟量大且阻燃效果一般的问题,通过水热合成法制备氢氧氧铋包覆可膨胀石墨的阻燃剂,经流变仪与聚乙烯均匀混合,制备出复合阻燃材料。氢氧氧铋包覆可膨胀石墨后,不仅提高了与聚乙烯基体的相容性,且氢氧氧铋受热后产生的水蒸气会降低可燃气体、氧气的浓度和材料表面温度,产生的氧化铋会加固膨胀碳层,降低生烟量,消除"飞灰",达到隔热隔氧的作用,提高阻燃效率。实验表明:当氢氧氧铋和可膨胀石墨质量比为1:1时,氢氧氧铋和可膨胀石墨协同效果最优;阻燃剂含量为20%时,复合阻燃材料的氧指数为27,力学性能良好。As to these problems,for instance,the poor compatibility between the traditional flame retardant of expandable graphite and the matrix of polyethylene,the“fly ashes”,the large amount of smoke and the poor flame retardant effect,the flame retardant of expandable graphite coated by bismuth oxide hydroxide was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis,and then the hybrid flame retardant was mixed uniformly with polyethylene to achieve the flame retardant composite.The expandable graphite coated by bismuth oxide hydroxide not only improves the compatibility with the polyethylene matrix,but also generates the water vapor by the thermal decomposition of bismuth oxide hydroxide to reduce the produce of combustible gas,oxygen concentration and temperature of the surface of the material.Moreover,the bismuth oxide can reinforce expandable graphite layer,reduce the amount of smoke,eliminate the“fly ashes”and play the role of insulation and oxygen barrier to greatly improve the efficiency of the flame retardant.Experimental results show that the synergistic effect of bismuth oxide hydroxide and expandable graphite is optimal when the ratio of bismuth oxide hydroxide and expandable graphite reaches 1∶1,meanwhile,the limiting oxygen index of flame retardant composite is up to 27 with an excellent mechanical property when the flame retardant content is 20%.

关 键 词：水热合成法 氢氧氧铋 可膨胀石墨 极限氧指数 阻燃 

分 类 号：TM215[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]