多年定位试验条件下不同施磷水平对土壤无机磷分级的影响  

Effects of Different Phosphorus Application Levels on the Inorganic Phosphorus Fraction Under Multi-year Location Experiment

作　　者：王海龙[1] 张民[1,2] 刘之广 于小晶[1] 赵洪猛[1] 陈海宁 WANG Hailong;ZHANG Min;LIU Zhiguang;YU Xiaojing;ZHAO Hongmeng;CHEN Haining(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018;;State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization,Kingenta Ecological Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Linshu,Shandong 276700)

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室,金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司,山东临沭276700

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第5期318-324,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571236)；国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200706)

摘　　要：通过对小麦/玉米轮作不同施磷水平7年14季定位试验土壤养分状况的分析与评价,探讨石灰性潮土有效磷耗竭和积累状况下土壤全磷、无机磷分级形态的变化规律,并运用通径分析和逐步回归分析,研究Olsen法、Mehlich3法、树脂交换法测定的土壤有效磷与各无机磷形态的关系。结果表明:(1)与初始土壤相比,N0P0K0、N2P0K2处理全磷总量分别降低了15.2%,29.7%,无机磷总量降低了13.5%,11.8%,N2P2K2、N2P3K2处理全磷总量分别增加了8.2%,27.2%,无机磷总量增加了11.1%,27.8%。供试土壤无机磷含量以Ca_(10)-P、Ca_8-P为主,施用磷肥可提高Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P、Al-P、Fe-P占无机磷总量的相对比例。(2)磷耗竭状态下,植物利用的无机磷来源于缓效磷源(Ca_8-P、Al-P、Fe-P;75%)、无效磷源Ca_(10)-P(11.5%~14.0%)、速效磷源Ca_2-P(7.5%~8.9%);无机磷盈余状态下,积累的无机磷主要转化为Ca_8-P(50%~70%)、Al/Fe-P(10%~23%)、O-P(8%)、Ca_2-P(0.2%~1.8%)。(3)Ca_2-P、AlP对3种方法测得的有效磷均具有正向作用且贡献率较大。Olsen法测定的无机磷主要是Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P,Mehlich3法主要是Ca_2-P、Ca_8-P、Al-P,阴离子交换树脂法主要是Ca_2-P、Fe-P。(4)Olsen法、Mehlich3法、树脂交换法均适于评价土壤有效磷水平,Olsen法最优。Through the evaluation of the soil nutrient in a 7-year long-term fertilization experiment of wheat-maize rotation with different phosphorus application levels,the inorganic phosphorus fractions under the phosphorus depletion or accumulation in calcareous fluvo-aquic soils were studied.Path analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to investigate the relationships among various soil available phosphorus determined by three methods,so did phosphorus fractions.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the initial soil,the total phosphorus under N0P0K0 and N2P0K2 were decreased by 15.2%and 29.7%,respectively,and the total inorganic phosphorus decreased by 13.5%and 11.8%.The total phosphorus under N2P2K2 and N2P3K2 were increased by 8.2%and 27.2%respectively,while the total inorganic phosphorus increased by 11.1%and 27.8%.The formations of inorganic phosphorus in the tested soil were mainly Ca 10-P and Ca 8-P.The application of phosphorus fertilizer could increase the relative proportions of Ca 2-P,Ca 8-P,Al-P and Fe-P.(2)In the depletion state of phosphorus,the inorganic phosphorus used by plants mainly came from slow-release phosphorus sources(Ca 8-P,Al-P,Fe-P;75%),un-available phosphorus sources Ca 10-P(11.5%～14.0%),and available phosphorus sources Ca 2-P(7.5%～8.9%).At inorganic phosphorus surplus condition,excess inorganic phosphorus mainly converted to Ca 8-P(50%～70%),Al/Fe-P(10%～23%),O-P(8%),and Ca 2-P(0.2%～1.8%).(3)Ca 2-P and Al-P had positive effects on available phosphorus extracted by three methods with the greater contributions.Ca 2-P and Ca 8-P could be effectively extracted by the Olsen method.While,the Mehlich3 method mainly extracted Ca 2-P,Ca 8-P and Al-P,and the main extraction of AEM were soil Ca 2-P and Fe-P.(4)All the three methods were feasible for determining soil available phosphorus contents,and the Olsen method was the best.

关 键 词：长期定位试验 石灰性潮土 无机磷分级 有效磷 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]