纳米碳对草莓氮素吸收利用及植株生长的影响  

Effects of Nano-carbon on Nitrogen Absorption,Utilization and Plant Growth of Strawberry

作　　者：王国栋[1] 肖元松[1] 彭福田[1] 张亚飞[1] 郜怀峰 孙希武 贺月 WANG Guodong;XIAO Yuansong;PENG Futian;ZHANG Yafei;GAO Huaifeng;SUN Xiwu;HE Yue(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2018年第5期335-340,351,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-30-2-02)；山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017BC017);山东省“双一流”建设奖补资金项目(SYL2017YSTD10)；山东省教育厅省高等学校科技计划项目(J16LF54)

摘　　要：以盆栽妙香7号草莓为试材,利用15 N同位素示踪技术探究尿素配施0,2,4,6,8mL纳米碳溶胶(CK、T1、T2、T3)对土壤理化性状、植株氮素吸收利用及生长发育的影响。结果表明:施用纳米碳显著提高了土壤氧化还原电位和土壤脲酶活性;随纳米碳用量的增加处理前期土壤的电导率呈现降低趋势后期呈现增大的趋势。纳米碳的施用促进了草莓植株对氮素的吸收利用,提高了草莓各器官的Ndff值;与对照相比,T1、T2、T3处理草莓植株的氮素利用率分别提高了71.2%,126.8%,98.9%,土壤氮素残留率分别提高了8.2%,16.7%,16.1%,显著减少了氮素的损失。纳米碳的施用不同程度提高了植株叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶绿素SPAD值,干物质比对照增加了17.5%,45.8%,32.3%。研究表明,尿素配施纳米碳可改善土壤理化性状,有效吸附土壤中的氮素,提高植株氮素利用率和土壤氮素残留率,减少氮素损失,促进了草莓植株的生长。Potted Miaoxiang 7 strawberry was selected and 15 N isotope tracer technology was used to investigate the effects of urea combined with 0,2,4 and 8 mL nano-carbon sol(CK,T1,T2 and,T3),on soil physiochemical properties,plant nitrogen uptake and utilization,and plant growth.The results showed that the application of nano-carbon significantly increased the soil redox potential and soil urease activity,and with the increasing of nano-carbon amount used,soil electrical conductivity showed a downward trend at the early stage and showed an increase trend at the later stage.The application of nano-carbon promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in strawberry plants,increased Ndff value of each organ of strawberry.Compared with the CK,the nitrogen utilization efficiency of strawberry plants in T1,T2 and T3 increased by 71.2%,126.8%and 98.9%,and the soil nitrogen residue rate increased by 8.2%,16.7%and 16.1%,respectively,reduced nitrogen loss significantly.The application of nano-carbon increased the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and the chlorophyll SPAD values of plant leaves in different degrees.Compared with the CK,dry matter of leaves in T1,T2 and T3 increased by 17.5%,45.8%,and 32.3%,respectively.The study showed that the application of urea with nano-carbon could improve soil physical and chemical properties,adsorb nitrogen in soil effectively,increase plant nitrogen utilization rate and soil nitrogen residual rate,reduce nitrogen loss,and promote the growth of strawberry plants.

关 键 词：纳米碳 草莓 15N 氮素利用率 氮素损失 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学] TB383[农业科学—园艺学]