不同施氮量对麦茬夏花生氮素吸收分配及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Nitrogen Absorption Distribution and Yield of Summer Peanut

作　　者：张毅 张佳蕾[2] 郭峰[2] 杨莎[2] 耿耘[2] 孟静静[2] 李新国[2] 万书波[2] ZHANG Yi;ZHANG Jia-lei;GUO Feng;YANG Sha;GENG Yun;MENG Jing-jing;LI Xin-guo;WAN Shu-bo(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Biotechnology Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Lab.of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong,Jinan 250100,China))

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《花生学报》2018年第3期52-56,共5页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31601252);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD021007);山东省农业科学院创新工程(CXGC2018D04);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-13)

摘　　要：大田栽培条件下,研究不同氮肥施用量对麦茬夏花生植株生长、氮素吸收、土壤养分及产量构成的影响。结果表明:不同施氮量对土壤硝态氮含量的影响主要以表层(0~20cm)较为显著,且硝态氮存在向下层土壤迁移的趋势;各处理不同土层间土壤铵态氮含量均无显著差异。0~225kg/hm^2范围内,随着施氮量的增加,夏花生产量逐渐提高。氮肥施用量在225kg/hm^2条件下,花生产量最高,为6603.26kg/hm^2,比不施用氮肥增产19.96%;达到300kg/hm^2氮肥施用量时,会促进花生茎叶部的氮素积累,但同时会抑制花生根部和荚果的氮素积累,产量反而会降低。总体而言,随着施氮量的增加,氮肥利用率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,氮肥偏生产力则呈显著下降趋势,本试验条件下N最佳施用量为244.70kg/hm^2。Under field cultivation conditions,the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the plant growth,nitrogen uptake and yield components on summer peanut after wheat harvest were studied.The results showed that the effect of different nitrogen application on the content of nitrate in soil was mainly in surface soil(0~20 cm),and nitrate nitrogen had the tendency of downward soil migration,and there were no significant differences in ammonium nitrogen content between different soil layers.The summer peanut yield gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate range of 0~225 kg/ha.Under the condition of nitrogen application rate of 225 kg/ha,the highest peanut yield was 6603.26 kg/ha,which was 19.96%higher than that without nitrogen fertilizer application.When nitrogen application rate reached 300 kg/ha,it would promote nitrogen accumulation in peanut stems and leaves,but inhibiting the accumulation of nitrogen in peanut pods and roots,which will reduce the yield.In general,with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate first increased and then decreased while the partial nitrogen fertilizer productivity showed a significant downward trend.The fitting curve of the relationship between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and peanut yield showed that the optimum nitrogen application rate was 244.70 kg/ha under the experimental conditions.

关 键 词：施氮量 夏花生 植株性状 氮利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2062[农业科学—作物学]