2017年南海中南部渔场灯光罩网渔获物组成及渔获率时空分布  

Catch composition and spatial-temporal distribution of catch rate of light falling-net fishing in central and southern South China Sea fishing ground in 2017

作　　者：粟丽[1] 陈作志[1] 张鹏[1] 李杰[1] 王欢欢 黄佳兴 SU Li;CHEN Zuozhi;ZHANG Peng;LI Jie;WANG Huanhuan;HUANG Jiaxing(Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部外海渔业开发重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2018年第5期11-20,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：农业农村部财政重大专项(NFZX2013);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406500);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2017YB23)

摘　　要：根据2017年南海中西部上升流区渔场、南沙东北部岛礁区渔场春季和秋季灯光罩网生产数据,对南海中南部两大渔场的灯光罩网渔获物组成、主要渔获种类生物学特性及渔获率分布等进行了分析。2个季节共鉴定出69种渔获物,其中上升流区渔场春季36种、秋季38种,岛礁区渔场春季35种、秋季43种。上升流区渔场春季优势种(IRI>1 000)为鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)、细鳞圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)和鲯鳅(Coryphaena hippurus),秋季为鸢乌贼、长体圆鲹(D.macrosoma)、圆舵鲣(Auxis tapeinosoma)、日本乌鲂(Brama japonica)和扁舵鲣(A.thazard);岛礁区渔场春季优势种为鸢乌贼和细鳞圆鲹,秋季为鸢乌贼和扁舵鲣。上升流区渔场春季平均渔获率为179.64 kg·h^(–1),秋季为553.41 kg·h^(–1);岛礁区渔场春季为94.55 kg·h^(–1),秋季为382.46kg·h^(–1)。春秋两季主要渔获种类胴长(叉长或体长)和体质量分布存在较大差异,且多数种类幼鱼所占比例较高,为确保南海渔业资源可持续开发利用应重视幼鱼保护。Based on the light falling-net fishing data in the fishing grounds in the midwest South China Sea upwelling and northeastern Nansha island-reef area in spring and autumn of 2017,we analyzed the catch composition,biological characteristics of the main species and distribution of the catch rate.Sixty-nine species were identified.In upwelling fishing ground,there were 36 species in spring and 38 in autumn.In island-reef fishing ground,there were 35 species in spring and 43 species in autumn.In upwelling fishing ground,the dominant species(IRI>1 000)were Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis,Decapterus macarellus and Coryphaena hippurus in spring,and S.oualaniensis,D.macrosoma,Auxis tapeinosoma,Brama japonica and A.thazard in autumn.In island-reef fishing ground,the dominant species were S.oualaniensis and D.macarellu in spring,and S.oualaniensis and A.thazard in autumn.In upwelling fishing ground,the average catch rates in spring and autumn were 179.64 kg·h^-1 and 553.41 kg·h^-1,respectively,while 94.55 kg·h^-1 and 382.46 kg·h^-1 respectively in island-reef fishing ground.The distribution of mantle length(fork or body length)and body mass of major species were different in spring and autumn;most of these species had a high proportion of young fish.Thus,young fish should be protected to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of fishery resources in the South China Sea.

关 键 词：灯光罩网 渔获物组成 渔获率 南海中南部渔场 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]