生态基对大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统水质及能量收支的影响研究  

Effect of eco-substrates on water quality and energy budget of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) aquaculture system

作　　者：张凯[1,2] 李志斐 谢骏[1,2] 余德光 王广军[1,2] 龚望宝 郁二蒙[1,2] 田晶晶 ZHANG Kai;LI Zhifei;XIE Jun;YU Deguang;WANG Guangjun;GONG Wangbao;YU Ermeng;TIAN Jingjing(Key Laboratory of Tropical&Subtropical Fishery Resource Application&Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510380,China;Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广东广州510380 [2]广东省水产养殖污染修复生态工程技术研究中心,广东广州510380

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2018年第5期53-59,共7页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2016HY-ZC0502);广州市科技计划项目(201707010311);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-46-17);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD25B04)。

摘　　要：为摸清生态基养殖池塘系统的能量流动规律,以放置生态基的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)池塘为研究对象,采用原位实验方法,研究了生态基对大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统的水质及能量收支的影响。实验期间,生态基可显著降低池塘水体中氨氮、硝态氮、总氮及总磷含量(P<0.05),但对亚硝态氮、磷酸盐、底泥总氮和总磷含量无显著影响(P>0.05);饵料投入是系统能量输入的主要来源,分别占对照组和实验组总输入能的53.26%和55.02%,其次为浮游生物生产,两组分别为45.92%和44.22%;浮游生物呼吸是能量输出的主要途径,分别占对照组和实验组总输出能的60.01%和56.68%,其次为养殖生物收获,两组分别为28.78%和31.99%;生态基实验组生物净产出能、光合能转化效率、饲料能转化效率及总能量转化效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而单位净产量耗饲料能和单位净产量耗总能则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,在大口黑鲈池塘放置生态基能改善池塘环境,有效提高系统产出量及能量利用效率。To find out the rule of the energy flowing of aquaculture ponds with eco-substrate,we carried out an experiment(the pond with eco-substrates as the treatment group and the pond without eco-substrate as the control group)and studied the effect of eco-substrates on the environment and energy budget of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)aquaculture system.The results show that the eco-substrates could reduce the ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the water significantly(P<0.05),but there was no effect on the nitrite nitrogen,soluble reactive phosphate in the water and total nitrogen,total phosphorus in the sediments(P>0.05).In the study,forage fish was the main source of input energy in both two groups,which ac-counted for 53.26%and 55.02%of the total input energy,respectively.The primary production of phytoplankton was also the important source of input energy,accounting for 44.22%and 45.92%of the total input energy,respectively.The major output of energy was the respiration of plankton followed by the harvest of cultured animals,accounting for 56.68%,60.01%and 28.78%,31.99%,respectively.The treatment group had higher net biological output energy,photosynthetic conversion efficiency,feed energy conversion efficiency and total energy conversion efficiency(P<0.05),but lower feed energy consumption per unit of net yield and total energy consumption per unit of net yield(P<0.05).Therefore,the eco-substrates could improve the pond environment,increase the production and enhance the energy utilization efficiency effectively.

关 键 词：生态基 大口黑鲈 能量收支 池塘养殖系统 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]