美国战略稳定观:基于冷战进程的诠释  

American Concept of Strategic Stability:Its Origination and Evolution in the Cold War Era

作　　者：葛腾飞 GE Tengfei(International Studies College,National University of Defense Technology;Centre for Asia-Pacific Development Studies,Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学国际关系学院国际关系教研室 [2]南京大学亚太发展研究中心

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2018年第3期64-89,125,共27页Contemporary American Review

摘　　要：冷战期间的战略稳定主要涉及美苏核力量关系这一重大问题。客观上,冷战时的战略稳定可以被理解为是两个核超级大国在激烈的竞争对抗中,基于避免核战争的巨大危险而进行的一种战略关系稳定化进程及其表现的稳定化态势。具体而言,战略稳定可细分为第一次打击稳定、危机稳定和军备竞赛稳定。美国作为拥有战略优势的一方,在战略关系上秉持的信奉技术和力量的工具理性主义的基本理念及其对外政策,在很大程度上影响甚至主导了冷战期间的战略稳定进程与态势。就美国而言,冷战时期的战略稳定观可以理解为:通过确保以核报复威慑力量为关键内涵的战略力量和技术优势,以及通过主导与苏联的力量较量和战略博弈进程,从而达到对国际战略态势的主导性塑造。分析美国谋划和实现战略稳定的进程,能够更深刻地认识美国的对外政策及其战略稳定观,并加深对冷战历史教益的认知。Strategic Stability in the Cold War era is mostly about the nuclear relationship between the United States and Soviet Union.Generally speaking,Strategic Stability in Cold War can be understood both as an evolving process and as the state of superpower relations,in which both superpowers tried to avoid the great risk of catastrophic nuclear war during their intense competition and confrontation.More specifically,Strategic Stability in Cold War can be categorized into first strike stability,crisis stability,and arms race stability at different stages.As the leading power,the United States had a basic technology-and-force preference in its strategic stability concept,and this basic preference and its practice,to a large degree,played a leading role in the stabilization process of U.S.-Soviet relationship.Hence,as far as the American intention was concerned,Strategic Stability in Cold War can be interpreted as a process for the United States to maintain its leading edge in nuclear deterrence forces,especially the nuclear retaliation forces,and do their utmost to obtain decisive advantage to coerce Soviet Union into obedience.

关 键 词：美国外交 战略稳定 核战略 冷战 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]