体制认定与经贸纠纷——美国对华贸易战的原因分析  

System Affirmation and Economic Trade Friction:An Analysis on the Cause of the U.S. Trade War with China

作　　者：王孜弘[1,2] Wang Zihong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所 [2]中国美国经济学会

出　　处：《美国研究》2018年第5期49-65,6,共18页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：美国发动对华贸易战的原因,除应对贸易赤字与"遏止"中国崛起等因素外,深层原因还在于其对中国体制的认定。美国政府认为,中国体制存在隐形壁垒阻碍了中国开放与美资进入,中国强制性的技术转让损害了美国竞争力,中国政府干预导致的市场扭曲等损害了美资运作环境。美国政府进而认为中国以举国体制抑制外国私人资本。这使美国不仅认定中国不是市场经济国家,且还认定中国没有向市场经济方向转化。美国政府还认为,中国企业是推行国家意图的工具,而非单纯企求利润最大化的经济体,国际市场也会被《中国制造2025》所扭曲。上述原因使贸易摩擦成为必然。除互加关税的负面影响外,美国对华贸易战的结果还将波及其他领域,使中美互动复杂化。中美双方经贸交易会继续,但难以再现曾经的融洽关系。Besides dealing with the trade deficit and containing the rise of China,the profound cause of America s launching a trade war with China is its affirmation about the Chinese system.From America s point of view,invisible barriers in China block China s openness and America s capital from entering the Chinese market;the forced technology transfer in China harms America s competitive strength;the Chinese government s intervention creates distortions in the world market and damages the environment on which America s capital operation depends.U.S.policymakers therefore think that China is restraining foreign private capital by its national system.These opinions make the U.S.identify China neither as a market economy nor an entity trying to transfer into a market-oriented economy.American politicians think that Chinese enterprises have become tools to advance the Chinese government s intention,rather than entities simply to advance the profit-maximizing goals of the enterprise;and the“Made in China 2025”is likely to create or exacerbate world market distortions.All these factors make the trade war inevitable.Besides tariffs applied to each other,the trade war has produced negative effects in other fields and complicated more the environment of U.S.-China interaction.However,the U.S.-China trade will continue though the once-harmonious economic relations will be difficult to reappear.

关 键 词：美国经济 中美经贸关系 经贸摩擦 加征关税 美资 市场扭曲 市场经济 

分 类 号：F752.7[经济管理—国际贸易] F757.12[经济管理—产业经济] D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]