不同授粉组合对‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果品质的影响  

Effects of Different Pollination Combinations on the Fruit Quality of 'Fuji' and 'Starkrimson' Apple

作　　者：张曼曼 王增辉[1] 毛云飞[1] 柴姗姗 赵晓红 范义昌 倪伟[1] 毛志泉[1] 陈学森[1] 沈向[1] ZHANG ManMan;WANG ZengHui;MAO YunFei;CHAI ShanShan;ZHAO XiaoHong;FAN YiChang;NI Wei;MAO ZhiQuan;CHEN XueSen;SHEN Xiang(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory for Crop Biology/Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency,Taian 271018,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第18期3551-3560,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD6B102);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队(SDAIT-06-07);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同授粉品种对苹果品质和香气物质成分差异的影响,为高效授粉树的选育和苹果品质的提高提供依据。【方法】采用自育高效授粉树‘红菱’‘红锦’‘红雾’的花粉,在‘富士’(Malus domestica‘Fuji’)、‘新红星’(M.domestica‘Starkrimson’)铃铛花期进行授粉,以授‘嘎拉’(M.domestica‘Gala’)花粉的果实为对照,对果实发育期间总类黄酮含量的变化进行研究,并在果实成熟时测定可溶性固形物、花色苷含量等品质指标及香气物质成分。【结果】不同的授粉品种条件下,‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果除可滴定酸外的各项品质指标均高于对照。‘富士’苹果经‘红菱’授粉后,其果形指数、硬度、花色苷、可溶性糖含量显著提高,分别为对照的1.12、1.15、1.28、1.12倍。‘新红星’苹果经‘红雾’授粉后,其单果重、果形指数、花色苷、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量均显著提高,分别为对照的1.22、1.12、2.48、1.10、1.11倍,其可滴定酸含量显著降低,仅为对照的75%。在果实发育的整个生长期内,不同授粉品种处理的‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果总类黄酮含量均高于对照,且不同品种间存在显著差异。在花后160 d,‘富士’经‘红菱’‘红锦’‘红雾’花粉授粉后,果实内总类黄酮含量与对照相比分别增长19.63%、28.72%、13.97%,‘新红星’在花后120 d分别增长14.18%、15.26%、4.24%,差异显著。‘红菱’‘红雾’‘红锦’和对照授粉处理的‘富士’和‘新红星’苹果总酯类挥发性物质的相对含量分别为50.20%、52.03%、42.68%、45.10%和71.08%、68.85%、71.83%、66.03%,‘红菱’授粉后‘富士’‘新红星’果实总酯类挥发性物质含量明显增加,其中2-甲基丁酸乙酯的含量分别为对照的1.14和203.91倍。‘富士’苹果中,‘红菱’‘红雾’‘红锦’授粉处理的果实乙酸-2-甲基丁酯的含量分别为【Objective】The objective of this study is to explore the effect of different pollination cultivars on apple quality and volatile substance,and to provide a basis for the breeding of efficient self-pollination trees and improvement of apple fruit quality.【Method】This study investigated the apple cultivars including‘Fuji’and‘Starkrimson’,which were pollinated before the blooming period by pollen from efficient pollination trees‘Hongling’‘Hongjin’‘Hongwu’,‘Gala’pollen was served as a control.The content of flavonoids in fruits was measured at fruit development stage every 20 days.The external and internal quality of fruits at maturity stage were determined,such as fruit weight,fruit shape,fruit hardness,volatile substances and peel anthocyanin content.【Result】Except for titratable acid,the quality indexes of‘Fuji’and‘Starkrimson’apple fruits were higher than those of the control under the conditions of different pollination trees.After the‘Fuji’apple was pollinated by‘Hongling’,its fruit shape index,hardness,anthocyanin and soluble sugar content increased significantly,1.12,1.15,1.28 and 1.12 times as much as that of the control,respectively.After the‘Starkrimson’apple was pollinated by‘Hongwu’,its single fruit weight,fruit shape index,anthocyanin,soluble solids,and soluble sugar content all increased significantly,1.22,1.12,2.48,1.10 and 1.11 times as much as that of the control,respectively.The titratable acid content was significantly reduced,only 75%of the control.During the whole growth period of fruit development,the content of flavonoids in apples of‘Fuji’and‘Starkrimson’treated by different pollination trees was higher than that of the control,and there were significant differences among different cultivars.At 160 d after flowering,the content of flavonoids in the fruit of‘Fuji’pollinated by‘Hongling’‘Hongjin’and‘Hongwu’increased by 19.63%,28.72%,and 13.97%,respectively.At 120 d after flowering,the content of flavonoids in‘

关 键 词：授粉 '富士’苹果 '新红星’苹果 营养物质 香气 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]