我国如何实行天然气能量计量和计价  

How to practice energy metering and pricing of natural gas in China

作　　者：王富平 周娟[2] 段小浪[3] 于智博 陈加民[4] 胡奥林 Wang Fuping;Zhou Juan;Duan Xiaolang;Yu Zhibo;Chen Jiamin;Hu Aolin(School of Economic Management,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China;Natural Gas Economics Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610051,China;Production Operation Department of PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610051, China;Shaanxi Division of CNPC Transportation Company,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学经济管理学院 [2]中国石油西南油气田公司天然气经济研究所 [3]中国石油西南油气田公司生产运行处 [4]中国石油天然气运输公司陕西分公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2018年第10期128-134,共7页Natural Gas Industry

摘　　要：我国是世界上为数不多的使用天然气体积计量和计价的国家,在当前我国天然气资源供应多元化、市场需求旺盛、天然气体制和天然气价格改革不断深入、市场化竞争格局正在形成的大环境下,实行天然气能量计量和计价比以往任何时候都更为迫切。为此,在阐述我国实行天然气能量计量计价紧迫性的基础上,分析了我国天然气采用能量计量计价在计量界面、计量方法、计量单位、气价转换和管道运价等方面所面临的问题,并提出了实行天然气能量计量计价的解决办法和实施路径。研究结果表明:(1)我国天然气正进入资源供应多元化和国际化、体制改革不断深化、天然气价格和天然气交易市场化发展的新时期,迫切需要改革我国传统的天然气体积计量计价方式,实行天然气能量计量计价;(2)实行天然气能量计量计价应基于我国天然气能量计量标准体系并结合天然气产业链实际,优选切实可行的能量计量界面和计量方法 ;(3)以焦耳作为能量计量单位,按国家发展和改革委员会指定的天然气热值进行天然气体积价格向能量价格转换;(4)天然气管道运输应统一实行能量计量计价;(5)我国天然气能量计量计价宜在试点先行的基础上,按直供工业用户、非居民用户、居民用户的顺序逐步推进。China is one of the few countries applying volume metering and pricing of natural gas,but under the present situation of diversified natural gas supply sources,rising demand in gas market,deepening reform on gas system and pricing,and the emerging market competition pattern,to practice energy metering and pricing of natural gas has been in urgent need than ever before.In view of this,we first discussed how and why it is in urgent need in China,then analyzed the encountering problems from the aspects of metering interfaces,metering methodologies,metering units,gas price transformation,pipeline transportation prices,and so on,and finally presented solutions and implementation routes as follows.(1)In this new period of diversified and internationalized supplying sources,deepening structural reform,and the marketization of natural gas pricing and transaction,the traditional volume metering and pricing should be changed into energy metering and pricing of natural gas.(2)Energy metering and pricing should be based upon the corresponding codes system and combine with practices in the natural gas industrial chain,and practical and feasible energy metering interfaces and methodologies should be optimized.(3)Joule should be taken as the energy metering unit and the calorific value of natural gas designated by the National Development and Reform Committee should be calculated from the previous volume pricing to the energy pricing.(4)Energy metering and pricing should be unified in natural gas pipeline transportation prices.(5)Energy metering and pricing should be,based upon pilot projects in advance,gradually pushed forward first to direct supply industrial users,then to non-residential users,and finally to residential users.

关 键 词：中国 天然气 能量计量 能量计价 实施路径 计量界面 计量单位 气价转换 管道运价 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]