高水平羽毛球运动员抑制控制特点:一项ERP的研究  

Inhibition Control Processing in Elite Badminton Players:An ERPs study

作　　者：陈嘉成 李雅南 金鑫虹 周成林[1] CHEN Jiacheng;LI Yanan;JIN Xinhong;ZHOU Chenglin(School of Kinesiology,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2018年第2期131-138,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:31571151);上海市科学技术委员能力建设项目(项目编号:17080503100)

摘　　要：目的:抑制控制,主要由反应抑制与反应调整两部分组成,它不仅在人类日常生活扮演重要角色,且在竞技体育领域也是运动员不可或缺的关键能力之一。本研究主要探究高水平羽毛球运动员抑制控制的行为优势,探究其在反应抑制及反应调整过程中的动作执行特点。方法:运用专家-新手范式,采用信号停止任务和信号变换任务,比较高水平羽毛球运动员(19名)与普通大学生(20名),对2种任务条件下的反应速度及正确率进行比较。研究采用混合设计,组间变量为组别,组内变量为任务类型。记录和分析反应时及事件相关电位(ERP)数据。结果表明:在所有任务条件下,2组被试的正确率无显著差异,但高水平羽毛球运动员在反应调整过程中,其抑制反应和变换反应时较短,go刺激诱发的P2波幅更大,且高水平羽毛球运动员的P2波幅与CSRT成负相关,说明高水平羽毛球运动员更快的抑制速度与他们对Go信号进一步的解释有关。结论:高水平羽毛球运动员具有动作抑制速度、变换速度快,对变换信号准备更充分等特点,这些特征对更好地指导羽毛球运动员抑制功能及变换速度训练提供理论基础。Inhibitory control,which is composed of response inhibition and response reengagement,plays an essential role in goal-directed behavior not only in daily life,but also in sports.The aim of present study is to observe the superiority in inhibitory control in badminton experts,investigating the features of action execution in response inhibition and response reengagement processing.Methods:The expert-novice design was adopted,the reaction time and the response accuracy were collected through Stop Signal Task and Change Signal Task between badminton experts group(N=19)and control group(N=20).A mixed design was adopted in the present study.The between-subjects factor was group,the within-subjects factor was inhibitory tasks,SST&CST.Reaction times(RTs)and event-related potentials(ERPs)were recorded and analyzed.Results:There are no significant difference on response accuracy through two tasks in two groups,badminton experts showed a better performance in response reengagement with shorter CSRT and Change RT in Change Signal Task."What,s more,during successful go trials in CST,the amplitude of the ERP component P2 was larger for badminton experts than for nonathletes,indicates that the faster inhibition speed in badminton experts compared with nonathletes was related to the further explanation to the Go signals.Conclusions:The badminton experts had advantages in inhibitory control in that they could inhibit and reengage movement more quickly at the same time,they are better prepared for the change signal.These features in badminton experts can provide some theoretical instruction for training on inhibitory function and reengagement speed in badminton athletes.

关 键 词：羽毛球 运动员 抑制控制 停止任务 变换任务 ERP 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]