南海台风活动特征及其对渔业活动的影响  

An analysis of characteristics of typhoons and their impacts on fishery activities in the South China Sea

作　　者：吴祖立[1,2] 崔雪森 张胜茂[1] 周为峰[1] WU Zu-li;CUI Xue-sen;ZHANG Sheng-mao;ZHOU Wei-feng(Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation,Ministry of Agriculture,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2018年第5期548-559,共12页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD13B06)；上海市科技创新行动计划项目(15DZ1202201)；上海市自然科学基金项目(16ZR1444700)；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2016PT11)；中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所基本科研业务费资助(2015T07).

摘　　要：为获知台风在南海渔场的活动规律,满足我国南海渔业生产安全及渔场环境监测工作的需要,利用1959-2014年中国气象局提供的热带气旋最佳路径资料,分析了56年间影响南海渔场的台风活动特征。结果表明,影响南海渔场的台风生成源地为西北太平洋和南海,其中67. 2%的台风来自于西北太平洋。台风的主要移动路径由西北移进入南海中北部和西移进入南海大部海域,并存在明显的季节变化。年均台风频数约有10个,研究期内台风频数呈现小幅振荡,年累积气旋能量(ACE)呈下降趋势并存在周期性变化,影响南海的台风数量或强度呈增大趋势。6~11月是南海台风盛行期,月平均ACE逐月上升,极值出现在10月。北部渔区和中部渔区北部是受台风影响较严重的区域,其中中沙东部渔场和东沙渔场附近海域是台风活动的高频中心,南部渔区受台风活动影响较小。南海渔场台风活动对捕捞生产和渔业设施存在较大影响,基于南海台风活动规律和影响范围角度考虑,认为2017年南海伏季休渔制度规定合理。In order to know the activity rhythm of typhoons in the fishing grounds of the South China Sea and meet the needs of fishery production safety and environmental monitoring in the South China Sea(SCS),the best track data of tropical cyclones over 56 years from 1959 to 2014 obtained from the China Meteorological Administration was used to make an analysis on characteristics of typhoons in the SCS.The results showed that the typhoons affecting the SCS mainly originated from the northwest Pacific(67.2%)and the SCS.The paths of typhoons could be divided into two types and with obvious seasonal variation.The annual average number of passing typhoons was 10 and with slight variations.The annual accumulated cyclone energy(ACE)showed a downward trend over the past 40 years,but the number and strength of typhoons affecting the SCS have increased in recent 10 years.High frequency and ACE of typhoons were found between June and November,with ACE peaking in October.The northern and central northern areas were more seriously affected,while the southern areas were less affected.High-frequency centers of typhoons were located in the eastern Zhongsha and Dongsha fishing grounds.The study showed that typhoons had a great influence on capture amount and fishery facilities in the SCS.Based on the activity rhythm and influence scope of typhoons in the SCS,the 2017 summer closed fishing time in the SCS was formulated reasonably and reliably.

关 键 词：台风 南海 伏季休渔制度 累积气旋能量 

分 类 号：S915[农业科学—水产科学]