中华鲟幼鱼人工繁殖群体与自然繁殖群体鼻孔及骨板差异研究  

On the differences of nostril and osseous plate between artificial and natural breeding juvenile Acipenser sinensis Gray

作　　者：章龙珍[1] 庄平[1] 张涛[1] 赵峰[1] 刘鉴毅[1] 王妤[1] 宋超[1] ZHANG Long-zhen;ZHUANG Ping;ZHANG Tao;ZHAO Feng;LIU Jian-yi;WANG Yu;SONG Chao(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fisheries Resources and Environment of East China Sea and Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Agriculture,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部东海与长江口渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2018年第5期560-568,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：农业财政专项(CJDC-2017-23)；香港海洋公园保育基金(FH04.1718)；修复向家坝库区渔业资源及保护长江珍稀特有物种合作项目(F13)

摘　　要：对长江口误捕中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gray)幼鱼和人工繁殖培育中华鲟幼鱼骨板和鼻孔的形态进行了比较研究,结果发现:2004-2006年3年间,长江口误捕中华鲟幼鱼鼻孔形态未发生变化即双鼻孔(左边和右边鼻孔均为两个鼻孔)平均数占总数的93. 5%,鼻孔形态发生变化即单鼻孔(左边一个、右边两个,或左边两个、右边一个,或左边和右边均为一个)平均数只占总数的6. 5%;人工繁殖培育的中华鲟幼鱼鼻孔形态未发生变化的平均数占总数的16. 8%,鼻孔形态发生变化的平均数占总数的83. 2%。与2012、2015年长江口误捕中华鲟幼鱼对比发现,2012、2015年,长江口误捕中华鲟幼鱼鼻孔形态未发生变化的平均数占98. 5%,而发生变化的平均数占1. 5%。结果表明,人工繁殖培育的中华鲟幼鱼群体鼻孔形态发生变化的数量远远高于自然繁殖群体。骨板比较显示:自然繁殖中华鲟幼鱼的锋利,人工繁殖培育的钝;自然繁殖中华鲟幼鱼背骨板棘长平均0. 37 mm,侧骨板棘长平均0. 28 mm,腹骨板棘长平均0. 14 mm;人工培育幼鱼的背骨板棘长平均0. 09 mm,侧骨板棘长平均0. 20 mm,腹骨板棘长平均0. 01 mm。自然繁殖幼鱼与人工培育幼鱼侧骨板棘长有显著性差异(P <0. 05),背骨板和腹骨板棘长有极显著性差异(P <0. 01)。通过对中华鲟幼鱼鼻孔的形态变化和骨板棘长的比较,可对长江口误捕中华鲟幼鱼中自然繁殖群体和人工增殖放流的群体进行鉴别,对增殖放流效果进行评估。In this paper,the morphology of nostril and osseous plate were compared between the artificial and natural breeding juvenile Acipenser sinensis.The results showed that:In 2004-2006,there was no change in the nostril form of the natural breeding Acipenser sinensis:double nostril(left and right were double nostrils)was 93.5%of the total,and the changed nostril form(left one,right two or right one,left two,or one both on the left and the right)was only 6.5%of the total,while in the artificial breeding juvenile Acipenser sinensis,the average unchanged nostril was 16.8%,and the changed nostril was 83.2%.In 2012 and 2015,the average unchanged nostril for the natural breeding juvenile was 98.5%,and the average of the changed was 1.5%.The osseous plate of the natural breeding Chinese sturgeon was sharp,while that of the artificial breeding ones was not sharp.Through the measurement of dorsal plate,lateral plate and ventral plate,the thorn length of dorsal plate for the natural breeding Acipenser sinensis was 0.37 mm,of lateral plate was 0.28 mm,and of ventral plate was 0.14 mm,while the thorn length of dorsal plate for the cultured Acipenser sinensis was 0.09 mm,of lateral plate was 0.20 mm,and of ventral plate was 0.01 mm.There were significant differences of the lateral plate between natural and artificial breeding Acipenser sinensis(P<0.05),while there were extremely significant differences of dorsal plate and ventral plate(P<0.01).By comparing the changes of the nostril morphology and the length of osseous plate in juvenile Acipenser sinensis,the artificial proliferation group and natural populations were identified from the Acipenser sinensis captured by mistake in the Yangtze Estuary to evaluate the enhancement effect.

关 键 词：中华鲟幼鱼 鼻孔 骨板棘长 鉴别 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]