江西省不同农田利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响  

Effects of Different Farmland Use Types on Soil Nutrients in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：张晗[1,2] 赵小敏[1,3] 欧阳真程 郭熙[1,2] 匡丽花 叶英聪 ZHANG Han;ZHAO Xiaomin;OUYANG Zhencheng;GUO Xi;KUANG Lihua;YE Yingcong(Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Jiangxi Province,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China,Nanchang 330045,China;College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045,China;College of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学江西省鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室/南方粮油作物协同创新中心,南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,南昌330045 [3]南京农业大学公共管理学院,南京210095 [4]江西农业大学林学院,南昌330045

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2018年第6期53-60,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41361049);江西省自然科学基金(20122BAB204012);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中科院南京土壤研究所)开放课题(0812201202)

摘　　要：为了全面掌握江西省土壤养分的状况,基于江西省16 823个农田耕层(0—20cm)土壤样点数据,运用实地采样、数理统计与地统计学等分析方法,对研究区不同农田利用方式(水旱轮作、一季旱地、两季旱地、一季水田和两季水田)下土壤养分含量进行了研究。结果表明:通过半方差函数研究发现,江西省土壤养分的空间变异主要是由随机因素引起的,耕层(0—20cm)土壤全氮(TN)和碱解氮(AN)含量分别为1.25～1.61g/kg,149.27～169.90mg/kg,全磷和有效磷含量为0.49～0.54g/kg和17.94～21.30mg/kg,全钾(TK)和速效钾含量为11.55～12.19g/kg和72.67～106.41mg/kg,有机质含量和土壤pH值为27.09～31.52g/kg,5.12～5.52;不同土地利用方式下土壤化学性质差异达到极显著水平,其影响程度由大到小依次为土壤pH值>全氮>速效钾>有机质>有效磷>碱解氮>全磷>全钾;Pearson相关性分析发现,土壤中有机质含量和与全氮、碱解氮、全钾、速效钾、有效磷含量以及pH值有显著(p<0.05)或极显著的相关性(p<0.01),相关系数分别为0.945,0.359,-0.014,0.033,0.028,0.061,-0.061,说明土壤有机质含量与其他养分含量关系密切,可以作为指示土壤肥力的敏感因子。研究结果对于江西省采取合理的土地利用方式、施肥方式以及提高土壤养分水平、土地生产力等方面具有极其重要的意义。To better understand nutrient status of the soil in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain area,based on 16 823 Samples in Jiangxi Province,the effects of five land use types(paddy-upland rotation,single dry land,double dry land,single cropping paddy field and double cropping paddy field)on soil nutrients were studied through field survey,mathematical statistics analysis method and Geo-statistics analysis methods.The results showed that:Soil nutrient spatial variation in Jiangxi Province is mainly caused by random factors by semivariance function analysis.The contents of soil total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN),total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP),total potassium(TK),available potassium(AK),soil organic matter(SOM)and pH value were 1.25~1.61 g/kg,149.27～169.90 mg/kg,0.49～0.54 g/kg,17.94～21.30 mg/kg,11.55～12.19 g/kg,72.67～106.41 mg/kg,27.09～31.52 g/kg and 5.12～5.52,respectively;the soil chemical properties under difference land use types were highly significant,the effect degrees of soil nutrients decreased in the order:soil pH value>TN>AK>SOM>AP>AN>TP>TK;Pearson coefficients analysis among soil nutrient found that the SOM and pH value had the significant(p<0.05)or very significant correlation(p<0.01)with TN,AN,AP,TK and AK.The correlation analysis showed that SOM content was closely related to TN,AN,AP,TK and AK,their relative coefficients were 0.945,0.359,-0.014,0.033,0.028,0.061,-0.061,respectively,and could be a sensitive indicator factor on soil fertility.The results are of extremely important significance in planning reasonable land use types,using fertilization modes and improving the level of soil nutrients,land productivity for Jiangxi Province.

关 键 词：土地利用方式 农田 土壤养分 江西省 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]