贫困农户生计行为对水土流失影响——基于粤北和闽西的对比研究  

Effect of Poor Household′s Livelihood Behavior on Soil and Water Losses——Comparative Study on the Mountainous of Northern Guangdong Province and Western of Fujian Province

作　　者：陈世发[1] 白永会 戴金梅 王丽园 孙丽丽 邱占林[4] CHEN Shifa;BAI Yonghui;DAI Jinmei;WANG Liyuan;SUN Lili;QIU Zhanlin(College of Tourism and Geography,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan, Guangdong 512005,China;College of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007,China;College of Environment and Planning,Henan University,Kaifeng, Henan 475004,China;College of Resource Engineering,Longyan University,Longyan,Fujian 364012,China)

机构地区：[1]韶关学院旅游与地理学院,广东韶关512005 [2]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007 [3]河南大学环境与规划学院,河南开封475004 [4]龙岩学院资源工程学院,福建龙岩364012

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2018年第6期203-210,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：广东省教育厅青年创新人才项目(2015KQNCX148);广东省教育厅项目(2016WTSCX107);韶关市哲学社科项目(G2017017);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD17CGL13)

摘　　要：农户是水土流失的承受体,也是水土保持的受益体。为研究不同区域的贫困农户生计行为对水土流失的影响,以粤北山区与闽西山区农户为研究对象,采用参与式农村评估(PRA)调查贫困农户生计行为对水土流失的影响,建立了压力—状态—响应(PSR)模型,分析了对水土流失的影响。研究表明:(1)粤北山区与闽西山区的纯农户对水土流失影响的PSR值高于兼业农户,粤北山区农户行为对水土流失影响的压力值高于闽西山区,但状态值与响应值低于闽西山区,使PSR值低于闽西山区;(2)闽西山区水土流失治理时间长,政府对水土保持宣传力度大,使农户参与水土保持的积极性高,造成PSR值高于粤北山区;(3)粤北山区贫困农户生计行为对水土流失影响的压力大,农户对水土流失认知程度不足,水土保持意识低;闽西山区贫困农户行为对水土流失影响压力相对较小,农户对水土流失具有一定的认知程度,且具有一定的水土保持意识。Farmers are the objects in relation to soil erosion and the benefit of soil and water conservation.In order to study the effect of the household′s livelihood behavior on the soil erosion in different regions,we focused on the mountainous of northern Guangdong Province and western of Fujian Province under poor stress.A participatory rural assessment(PRA)was used to investigate the effects of household′s livelihood behavior on soil erosion,and to establish the pressure-state-response(PSR)model to analyze the effects of household′s livelihood behavior on soil erosion.The results were as follows.(1)PSR value of soil erosion affected by pure household was higher than the part-time household.The stress value of household′s livelihood behavior of northern Guangdong Province was higher than western Fujian Province,but the state value and response value were lower than those in the western Fujian Province,and the PSR value in the northern Guangdong Province was lower than that in the western Fujian Province.(2)the long-term soil erosion control and the government propaganda campaign were sufficient,so that the household participation in soil and water conservation and the consciousness of soil and water conservation were higher than those of northern Guangdong Province.(3)Poor household′s livelihood behavior stress of the northern mountain Guangdong Province influence of soil erosion was significant,and household′s cognition of soil erosion was insufficient,and the consciousness of soil and water conservation was low,but the household′s pressure of western mountain of Fujian Province on soil erosion was relatively small,they had certain cognition of soil erosion in some degree,and had a certain sense of soil and water conservation.

关 键 词：参与式农村评估 压力状态响应模型 粤北山区 闽西山区 水土流失 农户生计 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济] S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]