农田覆膜对冬小麦土壤水热的影响  

Effects of Film Mulch on Soil Water Content and Temperature in Winter Wheat Field

作　　者：马雪琴[1] 吴淑芳[2] 郭妮妮 MA Xueqin;WU Shufang;GUO Nini(YangLing Vocational and Technical College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院水利工程分院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2018年第6期342-347,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"内陆河源区-灌区水资源挖潜与高效利用研究示范(2017YFC0403605)"

摘　　要：针对以往在不同覆膜栽培方式下冬小麦土壤水热效应规律的研究不足,探究了不同覆膜方式冬小麦土壤水分效应和温度变化规律。试验共设计宽窄行垄膜(WLR)、宽窄行平膜(WPR)、等行距垄膜(DLR)、等行距平膜(DPR)、等行距平作裸地(CK)、全膜平作(PM)6个处理,采用TRIME-TDR和ECH2O水分传感器进行分别测定0—200cm土壤含水率以及5cm,10cm,15cm,20cm,25cm的土层地温的动态监测,以探索不同覆膜方式对土壤水热的影响。结果表明:(1)冬小麦全生育期内,0—200cm土层,PM,WLR处理的平均土壤贮水量分别比CK增加了8.52%,6.81%,其他处理差异不显著;在冬小麦生长阶段4月和5月降雨充沛时期,所有覆膜处理土壤含水率较对照处理分别减少2%~12%。(2)降雨对覆膜条件下的土壤水热影响较大,雨后覆膜处理的土壤含水量较不覆膜低,土壤表层温度急剧下降,25cm以下深层土壤温度下降相对缓慢。(3)土壤温度日变化随土层深度呈"锥形",5—25cm土层深度每增加5cm,土壤温度随气温的变化滞后0.8h左右。在干旱少雨时,宽行起垄覆膜能显著增加土壤贮水量,调节膜下土壤温度。In order to explore the effects of ridge and different plastic film mulch on soil water content and soil temperature,we studied soil moisture content and soil temperature in winter wheat field.Six treatments including flat plot without mulch(CK),ridge with plastic film mulch(DLR),flat plot with plastic film mulch(DPR),wide-narrow row ridge and furrow with plastic film-mulched(WLR),wide-narrow raw flat and furrow with film mulch(WPR),flat plot with plastic film mulch(PM)were set to measure soil moisture below the soil surface 200 cm and soil ground temperature at surface 5 cm,10 cm,15 cm,20 cm and 25 cm,respectively,using the water sensor of TRIME-TDR and ECH 2O.The results showed that:(1)compared with CK,the average amounts of soil water with the treatments of PM and WLR increased by 38.52%and 6.81%in the whole growth stage of winter wheat and the differences of water amounts in other treatments were not significant;during the period of abundant rainfall in April and May,the water contents of all mulch treatments decreased by 2%～12%compared with control treatment;compared with other treatments,the treatment of WLR significantly increased the amount of surface soil water during the drought;(2)rainfall had the significant effect on soil water and temperature under the condition of much,the soil water content under mulch was lower than no-mulch after rainfall;the surface temperature of soil decreased drastically and the temperature of the soil below 25 cm decreased slowly;(3)the daily temperature of soil changed with the depth of soil,which presented the cone-shape,the soil temperature was lagged with lag 0.8 h behind the air temperature while the soil depth increased by 5 cm between 5 cm and 25 cm,when it was dry due to little rainfall,wide ridges and furrows could significantly increase soil water storage and adjust soil temperature under the film.

关 键 词：不同覆盖栽培 冬小麦 土壤水分 土壤温度 

分 类 号：I57.4[文学—其他各国文学] S513[农业科学—作物学]