饲料中添加盐酸甜菜碱对刺参幼参生长、消化酶活力和免疫力的影响  

Effects of dietary betaine hydrochloride on growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activities and immunity of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

作　　者：刘佳亮 王琳超 曹学彬 李静 李君华 宋盛亮 王福辰 刘石林[2] LIU Jia-liang;WANG Lin-chao;CAO Xue-bin;LI Jing;LI Jun-hua;SONG Sheng-liang;WANG Fu-chen;LIU Shi-lin(National Alage and Sea Cucumber Project Technology Research Centre,Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-Tech Company Limited,Yantai 264003,China;Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司,国家海藻与海参工程技术研究中心,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2018年第5期570-575,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2017LZGC010);山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GGH4504)。

摘　　要：为研究饲料中添加盐酸甜菜碱(Betaine hydrochloride,BHE)对刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参生长、肠道消化指标和免疫性能的影响,采用初始体质量为(2. 32±0. 04) g的刺参为研究对象,将刺参养殖在白色塑桶(60 L)中,海水盐度为33～35,试验期间水温为10. 2～25. 8℃,在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、0. 2%、0. 4%、0. 6%和0. 8%的BHE后进行投喂,各处理组设3个平行,每桶放养刺参30头,投喂试验共进行90 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,当BHE添加量为0. 2%～0. 6%时,刺参的特定生长率(SGR)显著升高(P<0. 05);添加BHE的处理组刺参干物质表观消化率(ADDM)显著升高(P<0. 05);投喂添加BHE的饲料后,提高了刺参的出皮率(GBWR),但只有添加量为0. 4%和0. 6%的处理组刺参的出皮率显著高于对照组(P<0. 05); BHE添加量为0. 2%～0. 6%的处理组刺参幼参肠道蛋白酶活力显著上升(P<0. 05),而投喂60 d时,添加BHE的处理组幼参肠道淀粉酶活力均显著降低(P<0. 05);随着BHE添加量的升高,刺参幼参肠道超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力呈上升趋势,添加BHE可提高碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力,且添加量为0. 4%的处理组幼参的SOD和AKP活力均显著高于对照组(P<0. 05)。研究表明,当BHE添加量为0. 2%～0. 6%时,可使刺参幼参肠道蛋白酶活力上升、非特异性免疫功能改善,并促进刺参幼参生长,饲料中BHE的推荐添加量为0. 4%。A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary betaine hydrochloride(BHE)on growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activities and immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.Juvenile sea cucumber with an initial body weight of(2.32±0.04)g were reared in a 60 L white plastic tank and fed basal diet(19.83%crude protein,4.59%crude lipid)as a control group and the basal diets containing betaine hydrochloride levels of 0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,and 0.8%with 3 replicates at water temperature from 10.2℃to 25.8℃and a salinity of 33-35.The results showed that the specific growth rate was significantly enhanced in the sea cucumber fed the diets containing 0.2%-0.6%of betaine hydrochloride(P<0.05),though no mortality was observed in the sea cucumber fed the various diets during the feeding trial.BHE supplementation led to significantly increase apparent digestibility of dry matter(P<0.05)and gutted body weight rate(GBWR)in sea cucumbers,with significant difference only in the sea cucumber fed the diets containing 0.4%-0.6%of(BHE)(P<0.05).There was significantly increase in activities of protease in intestine of sea cucumber fed diets supplemented with 0.2%-0.6%of BHE(P<0.05).On the 60th day during the feeding trail,however,significantly decrease in activities of amylase in intestine in the sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with BHE(P<0.05).BHE supplementation resulted in increase in activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in intestine of the sea cucumber,significantly higher in the sea cucumber fed diet with 0.4%BHE than those in the control diet(P<0.05).The findings indicate that growth,intestinal protease activities as well as immunity in the sea cucumber are improved by supplemented with BHE at a dose of 0.2%-0.6%.It is recommended that the optimal dietary betaine hydrochloride supplemental level be 0.4%.

关 键 词：刺参 盐酸甜菜碱 生长 消化酶 免疫力 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]