鲢鳙放流对太湖三国城水域浮游植物的影响  

Effects of silver carp and bighead carp on phytoplankton community in the waters of the Three Kingdoms City,Taihu Lake

作　　者：冯超群 徐东坡[1,2] 陈永进[2] 徐跑[1,2] 单峻峰 FENG Chao-qun;XU Dong-po;CHEN Yong-jin;XU Pao;SHAN Jun-feng(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agriculture University,Wuxi 214081,China;Yangtze River Downstream Fisheries Resources and Environmental Science Observation Station,Ministry of Agriculture,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Jiangsu Xinli Bioengineering Limited Company,Wuxi 214092,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学渔业学院,江苏无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,江苏无锡214081 [3]江苏兴利生物技术工程有限公司,江苏无锡214092

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2018年第5期666-673,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：太湖治理专项省级统筹项目(苏财建[2015]162-2);梅梁湖净水渔业技术集成示范(Y2014-4)。

摘　　要：为研究鲢鳙放流对太湖三国城水域浮游植物群落的影响,于2016年8—11月逐月进行调查,通过对比抑藻放流围栏内外浮游植物群落结构差异,分析了鲢鳙放流对浮游植物的影响,并结合综合营养状态指数和生物多样性指数评价了三国城水质状况,同时还探讨了浮游植物与环境因子的关系。结果表明:本次调查共鉴定出浮游植物6门44属90种,优势种以蓝藻门Cyanobacteria种类为主;方差分析显示,围栏内外浮游植物种类组成及多样性无显著性差异(P>0. 05);对浮游植物的密度和生物量分析显示,围栏内外均以微囊藻属Microcystis为主,围栏内显著低于围栏外(P<0. 05);水质综合评价显示,太湖三国城属于中-重污染富营养化水体,围栏内水质较围栏外好;相关性分析表明,围栏内外浮游植物密度、生物量和蓝藻门密度均与水温呈极显著正相关(P<0. 01),与溶解氧呈极显著负相关(P<0. 01); RDA分析显示,围栏内浮游植物与水温、溶解氧、p H关系密切,而围栏外则受水温、溶解氧、p H、透明度的影响较大。研究表明,单纯放养鲢鳙适合控制蓝藻水华而非藻类总量,而以控藻为目的的鲢鳙放流模式有待进一步探索。The impacts of stocked silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis on phytoplankton community structure in the Three Kingdoms City,Taihu Lake by comparison of the differences of phytoplankton community structure between inside and outside fencing from August to November,2016,and the water quality in the Three Kingdoms City was analyzed by comprehensive nutritional status index and biodiversity index to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors and phytoplankton community.A total of 90 species in 44 genera,6 phyla was found,with dominant species cyanobacteria.Analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant difference in species composition and diversity within and outside fencing area(P>0.05).Genus Microcystis had more density and biomass,significantly lower inside the fence than those outside the fence(P<0.05).Comprehensive evaluation revealed that the water quality in the Three Kingdoms City was within the middle and heavy pollution eutrophic water bodies,better inside the fence than outside.Correlation analysis indicated that phytoplankton density,biomass and cyanobacteria density were significantly positively correlated with water temperature(P<0.01),and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen level(P<0.01).RDA analysis showed that phytoplankton within the fence was closely related to water temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH and COD Mn,while the water temperature,dissolved oxygen,pH and transparency showed more effect outside the fence.The findings indicate that the stocking of silver carp and bighead carp is suitable for control algal blooms instead of algal aggregates,and that the releasing pattern of silver carp and bighead carp for control algae is needed further research.

关 键 词：鲢鳙放流 浮游植物 相关性分析 RDA分析 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]