放牧方式对东北鼢鼠秋季种群数量的影响  

Effect of different grazing patterns on the population density of Transbaikal zokor in autumn

作　　者：岳闯 纪羽[1,2,3] 袁帅 付和平 杨素文[1,2,3] 郭乾伟[1,2,3] 武晓东 YUE Chuang;JI Yu;YUAN Shuai;FU Heping;YANG Suwen;GUO Qainwei;WU Xiaodong(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,Inner Mongolia,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources,Ministry of Education,Hohhot 010011,Inner Mongolia,China;Rodent Research Center,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]草业与草地资源教育部重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [3]内蒙古农业大学啮齿动物研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第10期2512-2519,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31772667;31602033;31560669);农业部公益性行业项目(201203041);内蒙古自然科学基金(2012MS0351)

摘　　要：2016年和2017年9月,在内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原东北鼢鼠(Myospalax psilurus)栖息地设连续放牧区(CG)、按月轮牧区(MG)、季节轮牧区(QG)、过度放牧区(OG)和禁牧区(CK)共5个不同放牧强度样区,对植被性状和东北鼢鼠新土丘数量及其关系进行了分析。结果表明,1)放牧降低了物种的多样性,草丛高度、株丛数、生物量和盖度在季节轮牧区均最大。2)东北鼢鼠新土丘数量在不同放牧强度样区存在极显著差异(F=7.80,P<0.000 1),放牧区土丘密度依次表现为MG>QG>CK>CG>OG。3)鼢鼠新土丘数量与植物株丛数呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),与生物量和Shannon-Wiener指数呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),与草丛高度和盖度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。这些结果说明不同放牧方式下,草甸草原植被性状和鼢鼠新土丘数量会出现不同程度的变化,季节轮牧区可以在控制东北鼢鼠土丘密度的同时,维持植物性状的最优化和较高的生产力。因此,本研究认为在呼伦贝尔草甸草原区应采用季节轮牧的方式。An experiment with five grazing patterns,continuous grazing(CG),monthly grazing(MG),seasonal grazing(QG),over grazing(OG)and grazing prohibition(CK),was conducted in the habitats of Transbaikal zokor(Myospalax psilurus)in Hulunbuir meadows steppe from 2016 to 2017.The relationships between vegetation characters and the number of new zokor mound were analyzed.The results showed that:1)Grazing reduced the diversity of species.Grass height,plant number,biomass and coverage in the seasonal grazing areas were all the highest among the five different grazing areas.2)There were significant differences in the number of new zokor mound of the five grazing areas(F=7.80,P<0.0001).In autumn,the new zokor mound density from high to low were MG>QG>CK>CG>OG.3)There was a significantly negative correlation between the number of new mound and the number of plant number(P<0.01).There was a significantly negative correlation between the number of new mound and plant biomass and Shannon-Wiener index(P<0.05).There was a significantly positive correlation between the number of new mound and plant high and vegetation coverage(P<0.05).These results indicate that the vegetation characters of meadow steppe and the number of new moss new mound changes with different grazing patterns.The seasonal grazing area can maintain the population density of Transbaikal zokor while maintaining the optimization of vegetation characters and higher productivity.Therefore,this study believes that the method of seasonal rotational grazing should be adopted in Hulunbeier meadow meadow area.

关 键 词：草甸草原 放牧方式 植被性状 多样性指数 东北鼢鼠 种群密度 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]