紫云英还田对早稻直播稻田温室气体排放的影响  

Effect of Chinese milk vetch incorporation on greenhouse gas emissions from early-rice direct-seeding paddy fields

作　　者：聂江文 王幼娟 吴邦魁 刘章勇[1] 朱波[1] NIE Jiang-wen;WANG You-juan;WU Bang-kui;LIU Zhang-yong;ZHU Bo(Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Di saster and Wetland Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心/湖北省涝渍灾害与湿地农业重点实验室,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第10期2334-2341,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31501274);湖北省教育厅优秀中青年科技创新团队项目(T201404);主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心开放基金项目(2015MS001);中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(YESS20160040);十三五国家重点研发计划粮食丰产增效工程项目(2016YFD0300208)

摘　　要：为研究早稻直播条件下冬种紫云英翻压还田对稻田CH_4与N_2O排放的影响。选取南方双季稻区稻田为研究对象,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法监测冬闲-双季稻,不施氮肥(CK);冬闲,早晚稻每季施氮200 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(200));冬种紫云英全量还田,早晚稻均不施氮(CMV);冬种紫云英半量还田,早晚稻每季施氮100 kg·hm^(-2)(CMV+N_(100))等4个处理的CH_4与N_2O排放速率及其全球增温潜势(GWP)与单位粮食产量温室气体排放强度(GHGI)。结果表明,各处理CH_4排放峰主要在水稻种植初期至分蘖末期,早稻与晚稻出现最大峰值的处理分别是CMV(105.6 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1))和CMV+N_(100)(52.94 mg·m^(-2)·h^(-1));N_2O排放峰主要出现在田间水稻种植初期至分蘖及田间水分干湿交替阶段,早稻晚稻最大峰值均为N_(200),分别为717.7μg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)和1 065.57μg·m^(-2)·h^(-1);与N_(200)相比,CMV+N_(100)增加了CH_4累积排放量,减少了N_2O的排放,且早稻季CH_4排放量低于晚稻季。与CK相比,施肥对于稻田GWP并无显著影响,其中CH_4对GWP的贡献可达90%以上;与N_(200)相比,CMV+N_(100)增加了早稻季GHGI,降低了晚稻季GHGI,而对双季稻GHGI并无显著影响。综上,早稻直播条件下紫云英还田配施氮肥虽然增加了稻田CH_4排放,但降低了N_2O排放,可降低晚稻田GHGI。With the aim of studying the effect of paddy fields incorporating Chinese milk vetch on CH4 and N2O emissions,a static closedchamber gas chromatography method was employed to measure CH4 and N2O emission fluxes,global warming potential(GWP),and green house gas emissions intensity(GHGI)of southern double-cropped paddy fields in China under four different treatments.The treatments were fallow,double-cropped paddy field without nitrogen application(CK);fallow with 200 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application in the first and second rice growing seasons(N200);winter planting with Chinese milk vetch incorporation without nitrogen application(CMV);and winter planting with half Chinese milk vetch incorporation with 100 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application in the first and second rice growing seasons(CMV+N100).The results indicated that the CH4 emission peaks with the four treatments mainly occurred from the early rice transplanting stage to the tilling end stage and CMV+N100(52.94 mg·m-2·h-1)and CMV(105.6 mg·m-2·h-1)had peak CH4 emission values,respectively,in the early rice and late rice stages.N2O emission peaks occurred in the early transplanting,tilling,and dry-wet alternation stages of the paddy fields,with the N200 N2O emission peaking both in the early and late rice stages,respectively,at 717.7μg·m-2·h-1 and 1 065.57μg·m-2·h-1.CMV+N100 increased the cumulative emissions of CH4,yet reduced N2O emissions,when compared with N200,and CH4 emissions dur ing the early rice season were lower than those during the late rice season.At the same time,our results suggested that compared with CK,fertilization had no significant influence on the GWP of the paddy fields,and the contribution of CH4 to GWP was more than 90%.Com pared with N200,CMV+N100 increased the GHGI of early rice but decreased the GHGI of late rice.However,no significant influence on the GHGI of double-cropped rice was observed.In conclusion,although Chinese milk vetch residue incorporation in paddy fields with nitrogen application increased CH4 emissions from the pa

关 键 词：紫云英 双季稻 CH4 N2O 全球增温潜势 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]