新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴mtDNA D-loop区的遗传多样性及系统发育研究  

Genetic Diversity and the Phylogenetic Status of the mtDNA D-loop of Khulan( Equus hemionus) at the Mountain Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve,Xinjiang

作　　者：冯锦[1,2] 初雯雯 端肖楠 胡德夫 吴洪潘[1,2] 葛炎 初红军 Feng Jin;Chu Wenwen;Duan Xiaonan;Hu Defu;Wu Hongpan;Ge Yan;Chu Hongjun(College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University, Urumqi,830046,China;Management Center,Mt.Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Urumqi,830000,China;School of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University, Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区管理中心,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2018年第4期737-744,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项重大项目(2013FY110300);卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站中央财政森林生态效益补偿基金项目;新疆自治区科技支撑计划项目(201233131)

摘　　要：蒙古野驴是生活在亚洲中部荒漠、半荒漠和荒漠草原重要的珍稀有蹄类动物。采用PCR和测序技术,我们成功测定新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区日常监测时获得的26匹蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)样本的mt DNA D-loop区核酸序列,对蒙古野驴的遗传多样性及其系统发育地位进行了初步研究。研究结果发现该区域蒙古野驴核苷酸多样性较高(π=0. 20392±0. 05230),单倍型多样性与其他马科动物大致相同(Hd=0. 982±0. 020)。表明新疆卡拉麦里有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴的遗传多样性十分丰富。Tajima's D值为负,中性检验不显著(P> 0. 10),表明新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区的蒙古野驴在整体水平上并未出现过瓶颈效应或者快速扩张等历史事件。采用邻接法(NJ)和最大似然法(ML)构建单倍型之间的进化树,结合Network构建的单倍型间网络图显示2个重要分支。我们通过历史分布及地理位置推测卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区的蒙古野驴可能存在外来种群的迁入。将本研究得到的蒙古野驴序列与Gen Bank检索获得的另外7种马科动物的mt DNA D-loop区基因进行比较,发现马科动物分化过程中平原斑马出现最早,山斑马首先分离出来,然后是蒙古野驴、藏野驴、努比亚野驴、细纹斑马,最后是普氏野马与非洲野马,其中与蒙古野驴最接近的物种是藏野驴。Khulan(Equus hemionus)is a rare and endangered desert ungulates species and mainly lives in the desert and semi-desert of Eurasian areas.Using PCR and sequencing technology,we successfully determined the nucleic acid sequence in the mtDNA D-loop region of 26 khulan samples obtained during routine monitoring in the Hoofed Nature Reserve of Kalamarishan in Xinjiang.We studied the genetic diversity and phylogenetic status of Equus hemionus.The results showed that the nucleotide diversity of khulan was relatively high(π=0.20392±0.05230),and the haplotype diversity was roughly the same as that of other equine species(Hd=0.982±0.020).This showed that the genetic diversity of khulan was very rich in Mountain Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve in Xinjiang.The value of Tajima s D was negative,the neutral test was not significant(P>0.10),indicating that the khulan in Mountain Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve in Xinjiang did not have the bottle-neck effect or rapid expansion and other historical events in the overall level.The evolution tree between haplotypes was constructed by using the adjacency(NJ)and maximum likelihood(ML)methods.The graph of the haplotype internetwork constructed by combining networks showed two important branches.Based on the historical distribution and geographical location,we speculate that the khulan in the Hoofed Nature Reserve of Karamari mountain may include an imported population.The sequences obtained in this study of khulan were compared with the mtDNA D-loop region genes of 7 other equine species obtained by Genbank retrieval.We found that Equus quagga first appeared in the differentiation of the equine animals,Equus zebra first separated,followed by Equus hemionus,Equus kiang,Equus asinus africanus,then Equus grevyi,and finally Equus przewalskii and Equus ferus.Khulan(Equus hemionus)had the closest relationship with the Equus kiang.

关 键 词：蒙古野驴 MTDNA D-LOOP 遗传多样性 系统发育地位 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]