低海拔地区(上海)哺乳期大熊猫适应性饲养研究  

Adaptability Feeding of Giant Panda During Lactation Period in Low Elevation Region(Shanghai)

作　　者：吴锋[1] 褚青坡 俞锦华[1] 孙强[1] 徐春忠[1] 闵迎国 谢春雨[1] 金晓军[1] 罗波 冯永其 段俊堂 Wu Feng;Chu Qingpo;Yu Jinhua;Sun Qiang;Xu Chunzhong;Min Yingguo;Xie Chunyu;Jin Xiaojun;Luo Bo;Feng Yongqi;Duan Juntang(Shanghai Wild Animal Park,Shanghai,201399,China;China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Ya an,625007,China)

机构地区：[1]上海野生动物园,上海201399 [2]中国大熊猫保护研究中心,雅安625007

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2018年第4期788-795,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会资助项目(16dz1205900)

摘　　要：上海作为典型的低海拔地区,气候、环境等条件均与大熊猫栖息地环境存在很大差异。为了让大熊猫更好地适应上海地区环境条件,本文比较研究了上海、四川雅安两地大熊猫食物营养的差异,对哺乳期大熊猫优优、芊芊和思雪在上海地区进行适应性饲养,并通过采食量、排便量和幼仔体重来评估适应性饲养的效果。结果显示:夏、秋季上海野生动物园大熊猫食用的箬竹、早园竹、刚竹、淡竹、金镶玉竹、慈孝竹的总磷含量均显著高于雅安刺黑竹(P <0. 05)。冬、春季上海野生动物园大熊猫食用的箬竹、早园竹、刚竹、淡竹和金镶玉竹的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总磷含量均显著高于雅安苦竹(P <0. 05);慈孝竹的粗蛋白含量显著低于雅安苦竹(P <0. 05),总磷含量显著高于苦竹(P<0. 05)。全年上海野生动物园窝头的钙、总磷和粗灰分含量均显著低于雅安窝头(P <0. 05)。为此,采用各种竹子混搭方式饲喂大熊猫,并补充适量的钙片、多维,优优、芊芊和思雪3只大熊猫的采食量和排便量不断增加,所产幼仔的180 d体重与雅安研究中心相似状况大熊猫所产幼仔的180 d体重差异不显著(P> 0. 05)。表明上海所采用的低海拔地区哺乳期大熊猫适应性饲养方案是有效的。As a typical low elevation area,climate and environment at Shanghai are quite different from those of wild giant panda habitat.In order to make the giant pandas better adapt to the environmental conditions at Shanghai,the difference of food and nutrition between Ya an of Sichuan Province and Shanghai were investigated.The adaptive feeding of three female giant pandas in lactation period(You You,Qian Qian and Si Xue)were studied,and the effect of adaptive feeding was evaluated through feed intake,defecation and weight of young offspring.In summer and autumn,the total phosphorus content of Indocalamus tessellatus,Phyllostachys propinqua,P.viridis,P.glauca,P.aureosulcata cv.Spectabilis and Bambusa multiplexis in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly higher than that of Ya an Chimonobambusa purpurea(P<0.05).In winter and spring,the crude protein,crude fat and total phosphorus content of Indocalamus tessellatus,P.propinqua,P.viridis,P.glauca,P.aureosulcata cv.Spectabilis in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly higher than that of Ya an Pleioblastus amarus(Keng)(P<0.05).The crude protein content of Bambusa multiplex was significantly lower than that of Ya an P.amarus(P<0.05),and the total phosphorus content was significantly higher than that of Ya an P.amarus(P<0.05).The calcium,total phosphorus and crude ash content of wotou in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly lower than that of Ya an wotou throughout the year(P<0.05).Many formulae for bamboo mix and match methods are used to feed giant pandas,and appropriate amounts of calcium tablets and multivitamins are added.The intake of three giant pandas(You You,Qian Qian and Si Xue)and the amount of defecation are increasing.The 180-day weights of the Shanghai cubs were similar to those of the giant panda produced at Ya an research center in Sichuan(P>0.05).This result indicates that the adaptive feeding program of giant panda in lactation period was effective in Shanghai.

关 键 词：大熊猫 哺乳期 低海拔地区 适应性饲养 

分 类 号：S864.5[农业科学—野生动物驯养]