川金丝猴圈养种群繁殖能力与管理对策分析  

Fertility and Management of a Captive Population of Golden Monkey

作　　者：于泽英 夏琪 范晓泽 Yu Zeying;Xia Qi;Fan Xiaoze(Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens,Beijing,100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物园协会,北京100037

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2018年第4期801-805,共5页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家林业局珍稀濒危物种人工繁育项目(2130211)

摘　　要：川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)圈养种群的未来发展主要依靠圈养出生个体的繁殖。通过比较圈养出生个体与野外捕获个体两组之间的繁殖能力,发现在一定范围内圈养出生个体的繁殖期、存活率低于野外捕获个体,而死亡率高峰的出现早于野外捕获个体。圈养出生个体组中成为繁殖者的比率,以及平均繁殖胎数都低于野外捕获个体组。近5年间,圈养种群中圈养出生的育龄个体数量逐年增加,而每年的繁殖者总数逐年减少,相比较,野外捕获个体的繁殖能力保持稳定。针对这种情况,今后饲养管理中应研究改善对圈养出生个体的饲养管理方式,提高圈养出生个体的繁殖能力。在种群管理方面,应控制川金丝猴饲养单位数量,把重要的育龄个体饲养在有繁殖技术的机构中,提高育龄个体成为繁殖者的比率。圈养管理应更多借鉴野外种群的社群生活方式,如社群结构、社群个体变更方式等,以提高圈养出生个体幼仔和亚成体的存活率,并保持种群的遗传多样性。The future development of captive populations of golden monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)mainly depends on the reproduction of captive born individuals.By comparing the fertility of captive-born and wild-caught golden monkeys,we found that the breeding period and survival rate of captive-born monkeys was shorter and lower than among wild-caught monkeys in a certain range,and the peak mortality rate was recorded at younger ages than among wild-caught individuals.The rate of sexual maturity and the average litter size in captive-born breeder individuals were lower than those of wild caught individuals.In the past 5 years,more and more captive-born individuals reached breeding age year by year but the total number of breeders decreased year by year.Meanwhile wild-caught individuals maintained stable reproductive capacity.In view of this situation,in the future,it is necessary to improve the husbandry management of captive-born individuals to increase their productivity.We should control the number of facilities holding golden monkeys and important reproductive-age individuals should be housed at the institutions that have the required technology for reproduction of golden monkey.Captive population management should be guided by characters of wild populations,such as social structure and social individual change mode to improve the survival rate of captive-born neonates and sub-adults while maintaining population genetic diversity.

关 键 词：川金丝猴 圈养种群 繁殖能力 管理对策 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]