雕鸮翅膀初级飞羽的形态学研究  

Morphology of the Primary Feathers of Eagle Owl( Bubo bubo)

作　　者：陈坤 刘庆萍 万晓静[1] 孙文磊[1] Chen Kun;Liu Qingping;Wan Xiaojing;Sun Wenlei(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xinjiang University, Urumqi,830047,China;Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering,Jilin University, Changchun,130022,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学机械工程博士后流动站&机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐830047 [2]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2018年第4期858-863,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51765062);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2017S013);新疆大学博士生科技创新项目(XJUBSCX-2014019);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2014211B006)

摘　　要：雕鸮等夜行性鸮的飞行具有"静音"的特点。它们不论是滑翔还是扑翼飞行产生的噪声都低于它们猎物听觉的范围。因此,鸮形目鸟类可以悄无声息的接近猎物,它的羽毛对其静音飞行具有重要的作用。本文利用体式显微镜、扫描电镜对大型鸮雕鸮的初级飞羽进行了宏观与微观特征的观察,并对雕鸮的初级飞羽进行了定性和定量研究,分析雕鸮羽毛羽片、羽枝-羽干夹角、羽枝密度等参数的特点。定性和定量分析结果表明,初级飞羽内羽片的羽枝-羽干夹角大于外羽片;外羽片的羽片面积要小于内羽片,并且内外羽片的不对称性显著。此外,最外侧初级飞羽具有锯齿形羽枝,其基部的羽小枝长有小钩,但尖端的羽小枝不存在小钩;内侧初级飞羽的羽枝长有较长的羽小枝,并伸长至其他羽枝,微观呈现出立体多层网格状形态。Many nocturnal owls,including eagle owl,are able to fly silently as a result of millions of years of evolution.Owls,in both gliding and flapping flight,generate noise at low frequencies below the range of hearing by prey species.Hence,the flight of owls is almost silent to their prey.The morphology of wing feathers of owls is important to silent flight.We undertook qualitative and quantitative analyses of owl feathers on macroscopic and microscopic levels by use of stereomicroscope(SM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).We quantified a vane parameter,the rachis-barb angle parameter,and barb density.The rachis-barb angle of the inner vane of eagle owl was greater than that of the outer vane.The area of inner vane was larger than that of the outer vane,the feather showing obvious asymmetry.The distal barbule of the base of the serration barb had hooklets,but the distal barbule of the serration tip of barb did not.The barb of the eagle owl had an elongated distal barbule that formed a multi-layered grid structure at the microscopic level.

关 键 词：雕鸮 羽毛 形态学 静音飞行 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学] Q959.7