中国白鹤圈养种群现状与保护  

The Status and Conservation of Captive Siberian Crane(Grus leucogeranus) in China

作　　者：赵娟[1] 崔多英[1] 谢钟 刘农林 Zhao Juan;Cui Duoying;Xie Zhong;Liu Nonglin(Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo,Beijing,100044,China;Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens,Beijing,100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京动物园圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国动物园协会,北京100037

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2018年第4期864-868,共5页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(31470460);中国动物园协会大熊猫及珍稀野生动物保护基金

摘　　要：根据2016年中国圈养白鹤谱系数据,应用种群管理软件Sparks v1. 66软件和PMx v1. 2对全国白鹤圈养种群进行统计学和遗传学分析。研究发现,截至2016年12月31日,全国圈养白鹤共119只,分布在31家单位。种群的年龄结构不合理,0～7岁年龄层的个体较少,未知性别比例过高,占47. 06%。种群建立者8只(3只已死亡),贡献值和繁殖后代数不均衡;潜在建立者78只,未知性别占47. 4%。目前种群基因多样性为86. 1%,根据过去40年种群增长趋势预测,白鹤种群数量和基因多样性将不断降低,20年后数量将降至70只左右,基因多样性降至79%; 100年后,数量将减少至10只左右,基因多样性降至9. 9%。为增加白鹤圈养种群数量,促进种群健康发展,建议加大白鹤保护力度,改善白鹤饲养环境;对未知性别个体进行性别鉴定;加强机构间合作繁殖,增加潜在建立者繁殖机会;加强科学研究,提高白鹤饲养管理和疾病防治水平。Based on the data of captive Siberian crane(Grus leucogeranus)population in China from 1973 to 2016,we used Sparks v1.6 and PMx v1.2 to conduct demographic and genetic analyses.By year-end 2016,there were 119 captive Siberian cranes maintained at 31 institutes in China.The age structure was poorly balanced with few individuals in the age group 0-7 years.Population sex ratios were unknown at 47%of institutes.There were 8 founders(3 dead)whose numbers of descendants and contribution value were uneven.There were 78 potential founders(47%were of unknown sex).Although the genetic diversity of the population was 86%,data recorded over the past 40 years indicated that both population size and genetic diversity had continuously declined.Our models predicted that in 20 years the numbers of cranes and overall genetic diversity would be 70 birds and 79%,respectively.After 100 years cranes would number 10 and genetic diversity would decline to 9.9%.We recommend to:enhance public and institutional awareness of captive Siberian crane protection;improve environmental conditions;conduct sex identification;use various techniques(such as artificial insemination,inter-institutional cooperative breeding)to increase breeding opportunities of potential founders;and strengthen scientific research for breeding and disease prevention.

关 键 词：白鹤 圈养种群 遗传管理 迁地保护 中国 

分 类 号：Q959[生物学—动物学]