北方森林动物园大红鹳对环境和食物丰容的行为反应  

Behavioral Responses of the Greater Flamingo( Phoenicopterus roseus) to the Environment and Food Enrichment in Harbin Northern Forest Zoo

作　　者：赵雨梦 尹江南 彭彤彤 王琛 程鲲[1] 何相宝[2] 蔡迎花 刘艳平 Zhao Yumeng;Yin Jiangnan;Peng Tongtong;Wang Chen;Cheng Kun;He Xiangbao;Cai Yinghua;Liu Yanping(College of Wildlife Resources,Northeast Forestry University, Harbin,150040,China;Harbin Northern Forest Zoo,Harbin,150322,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]哈尔滨北方森林动物园,哈尔滨150322

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2018年第4期917-921,共5页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：东北林业大学大学生创新训练项目(201610225081)

摘　　要：2016年6～10月,对哈尔滨北方森林动物园的大红鹳展区进行了环境及食物丰容实验,并用瞬时扫描法对丰容前后大红鹳的行为变化进行了观察和记录,比较其丰容前后的日行为时间分配的差异,结果表明:丰容前,大红鹳取食行为时间比例最高,为(23. 62±1. 35)%,其次是运动、休息、整理、警戒争斗,这4种行为比例相差不多,均占16%左右;洗浴、鸣叫、刻板行为比例最少。丰容后取食行为占比增加13. 33%(P=0. 000),运动行为占比增加4. 66%(P=0. 024),鸣叫行为增加1. 74%(P=0. 005),警戒争斗行为减少9. 61%(P=0. 000),休息行为减少9. 48%(P=0. 000)。整理行为增加0. 29%,洗浴行为增加0. 96%,刻板行为减少0. 81%,但均无显著差异。食物分散在水池和水沟促进了大红鹳的取食和运动,有效缓解个体间的争斗;提高水域盐度可使大红鹳增加洗浴时间,提高清洁程度,预防疾病。We conducted environmental and food enrichment on the greater flamingos Phoenicopterus roseus in Harbin Northern Forest Zoo from June to October 2016.We used scan sampling to observe and record the behaviour of flamingos before and after enrichment and compared the diurnal behaviour budget before and after.The results showed that before enrichment,greater flamingos spent most time feeding(23.6%±1.4%)and spent around 16%of time in each category of moving,resting,arranging and fighting.The proportions of time spent bathing,calling and stereotyped behavior were small.After enrichment,feeding increased by 13.3%(P=0.0001),exercising increased by 4.7%(P=0.024),and chirping increased by 1.7%(P=0.005).Fighting decreased by 9.6%(P=0.000)and resting decreased by 9.5%(P=0.000).Arranging and bathing increased by 0.3%and 1%respectively,stereotyped behavior decreased by 0.8%,but not significantly.Food dispersing in pools and gullies promoted the feeding and movement of the greater flamingos,and effectively alleviated the fighting behavior between individuals.Raising the salinity of the water increased the amount of time spent cleaning(preening)and prevented diseases of greater flamingos.

关 键 词：大红鹳 环境丰容 食物丰容 行为时间分配 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]