人工湿地或中水灌溉对土壤微生物的影响  

Effects of Constructed Wetlands or Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Microorganisms

作　　者：高宇航 Gao Yuhang(No.1 Middle School of Economic and Technological Development Zone,Wuhan City,Hubei,430000)

机构地区：[1]武汉经济技术开发区第一中学,湖北430000

出　　处：《当代化工研究》2018年第10期125-127,共3页Modern Chemical Research

摘　　要：人工湿地和中水灌溉目前应用广泛,但对土壤的原有生态环境可能造成影响,这可以反映在土壤微生物的种类、数量等方面。本文首先从中水的PH值、耗氧有机物含量、氯化物含量等进行分析,探究不同成分的中水在灌溉土壤后,微生物的数量与种类是否发生变化。结果表明,氯化物浓度过高将会导致微生物群落及数量普遍减少;碱性土壤中氨氧化细菌数量明显增加而氨氧化古菌并无太大变化;在酸性土壤中结果却恰恰相反,氨氧化古菌数量增加,氨氧化细菌数量无明显变化;耗氧有机物的增加会导致好氧微生物的减少。另外,对人工湿地也分别从植被种类、重金属、氮、硫、磷、铁等元素进行分析比较,结果发现植被覆盖土壤会对微生物繁衍起促进作用;低浓度的重金属含量使抗性微生物增加,敏感性微生物减少,但在高浓度的重金属下,微生物总体大幅减少;人工湿地中丰富的离子含量能使硝化细菌、硫细菌、铁细菌等数量增加。Constructed wetlands and reclaimed water irrigation are widely used at present,but they may affect the original ecological environment of soil,which can be reflected in the types and quantities of soil microorganisms.In this paper,the pH value,content of oxygen-consuming organic matter and chloride content of the middle water were analyzed firstly,to explore whether the quantity and types of microorganisms changed after reclaimed water with different components irrigated the soil.The results showed that too high chloride concentration would lead to a general decrease in microbial communities and quantities,and the number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in alkaline soil increased obviously while the number of ammonia-oxidizing archaea did not change much.The results in acidic soil is on the contrary.It showed that the number of ammoniaoxidizing archaea increased while the number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria did not change significantly,and the increase of oxygen-consuming organics will lead to the decrease of aerobic microorganisms.In addition,the artificial wetlands were also analyzed and compared from vegetation types,heavy metals,nitrogen,sulfur,phosphorus,iron and other elements.The results showed that vegetation-covered soil could promote microbial reproduction.The low concentration of heavy metals increased the resistant microorganisms and decreased the sensitive microorganisms.However,under the high concentration of heavy metals,the total number of microorganisms decreased greatly.The rich ion content in the constructed wetland can increase the number of nitrifying bacteria,sulfur bacteria,iron bacteria,etc.

关 键 词：人工湿地 微生物群落 微生物数量 微生物种类 中水灌溉 

分 类 号：Q[生物学]