有色冶炼废渣中有价金属回收的冶金方法应用之综述  

Application of Several Metallurgical Methods to the Recovery of Valuable Metals from Non-Ferrous Smelting Waste

作　　者：张汉鑫 李慧 梁精龙 张立生 ZHANG Hanxin;LI Hui;LIANG Jinglong;ZHANG Lisheng(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Modern Metallurgy Technology,College of Metallurgy and Energy,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063009,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院现代冶金技术教育部重点实验室,河北唐山063009

出　　处：《中国钨业》2018年第4期69-73,共5页China Tungsten Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51674120);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2016209163);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(BJ2017050)

摘　　要：随着经济和科技飞速发展,有色冶炼技术发展迅速,冶炼废渣也不断增加。冶炼废渣中含有大量的有价金属。从废渣中有效提取利用有价金属,能缓解资源短缺和环境污染的问题。论述了在冶炼废渣领域有价金属Cr、Cu、Zn等的回收方法:电化学法、沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法和液膜分离法,及其在相关领域的研究现状。吸附法在纳米技术领域发展空间巨大;离子交换法在树脂材料领域具有多样性发展;液膜分离法近几年发展迅速,开发稳定高效的液膜是其主要研究方向。吸附法、离子交换法和液膜分离法三种方法的广泛应用将逐渐代替具有二次污染的沉淀法和成本高的电化学法。With the rapid development of economy and technology,non-ferrous smelting technology has developed rapidly,and smelting waste residue has also increased.The waste residue contains a large amount of valuable metals.Extracting and utilizing these valuable metals can effectively alleviate the shortage of resources and environmental pollution.The paper discusses the recovery methods of valuable metals such as Cr,Cu and Zn in the field of smelting waste slag:electrochemical method,precipitation method,adsorption method,ion exchange method and liquid membrane separation method,and their research status in related fields.The adsorption method has a huge space in the field of nanotechnology;the ion exchange method has diverse development in the field of resin materials;the liquid membrane separation method has developed rapidly in recent years,and the development of stable and efficient liquid membrane is the main research direction.The wide application of the three methods will gradually replace the precipitation method with secondary pollution and the high cost electrochemical method.

关 键 词：冶炼废渣 有价金属 电化学法 沉淀法 吸附法 离子交换法 液膜分离法 

分 类 号：TF802.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X756[环境科学与工程—环境工程]