改性生物炭对小白菜生长和磷素吸收的影响  

The Effects of Modified Biochar on the Growth and Phosphorus Absorption of Brassica chinensis L.

作　　者：余炜敏 石永锋 王荣萍 廖新荣 梁嘉伟 王现洁 YU Weimin;SHI Yongfeng;WANG Rongping;LIAO Xinrong;LIANG Jiawei;WANG Xianjie(Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science&Technology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management,Guangzhou,510650,China;School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Zhaoqing University,Zhaoqing 526000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省生态环境技术研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东广州510650 [2]肇庆学院环境化学与工程学院,广东肇庆526000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第10期1878-1882,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(201607010082);广东省科技计划项目(2015B070701017);广东省科学院创新平台建设专项(2016GDASPT-0105);农业面源污染防控与产地环境安全共性技术创新团队(2017LM2149)

摘　　要：华南地区蔬菜地土壤磷极易被固定,磷的生物有效性极低。生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂,能够改善土壤的理化性质,提高磷的生物有效性,促进植物磷素吸收和生长。采用田间小区试验,设置5个改性生物炭施用水平:F0(0)、F1(2 250kg·hm^(-2))、F2(4 500 kg·hm^(-2))、F3(6 750 kg·hm^(-2))、F4(11 250 kg·hm^(-2)),研究改性生物炭对小白菜生长和磷素吸收的影响,以期为改性生物炭在蔬菜保质保量生产上的应用提供理论依据。结果表明:在施用改性生物炭处理中,土壤有机质含量均呈增加趋势,增加幅度为3.28%～17.98%,仅F4(11 250kg·hm^(-2))处理与其他处理相比差异达显著水平(F=4.28,P=0.028);改性生物炭可以提高小白菜产量,提高幅度为6.92%～32.04%;改性生物炭的施用可以降低硝酸盐含量,与对照相比,F2(4 500 kg·hm^(-2))和F3(6 750 kg·hm^(-2))处理小白菜硝酸盐含量显著降低,分别降低幅度14.86%和9.92%;改性生物炭的施用可以提高维生素C和可溶性糖含量,提高小白菜的吸磷量,其中F3(6 750 kg·hm^(-2))和F4(11 250 kg·hm^(-2))处理提高幅度最大,且与对照差异显著(F=11.71,P=0.001)。总体而言,改性生物炭可以提高蔬菜的产量,改善蔬菜品质,提高蔬菜对磷的吸收。Phosphorus(P)is readily fixed in soil in South China,resulting in extremely low P bioavailability.Biochar is a type of organic carbon with high carbon content and high stability,and when used as an amendment,it can improve soil organic matter,promote P absorption,and plant growth.To investigate the effects of modified biochar on the growth and P absorption of Brassica chinensis L.,a field experiment was conducted by using randomized block design and setting up five application levels of biochar:F0(0 kg·hm?2),F1(2 250 kg·hm?2),F2(4 500 kg·hm?2),F3(6 750 kg·hm?2),and F4(11 250 kg·hm?2).The results showed that:biochar application increased soil organic matter by 3.28%~17.98%,but only the increase in F4(11 250 kg·hm?2)was significant(P<0.05)comparing with other treatments.Modified biochar increased the yield of Brassica chinensis L.by 6.92%~32.04%.In addition,modified biochar decreased nitrate content by 14.86%and 9.92%respectively,and the decreases in F2 and F3 were significant.Biochar application increased vitamin C content,soluble sugar content,and P uptake of Brassica chinensis L.,and the F3 and F4 treatments showed significant difference(P<0.05)and the largest increase.Overall,modified biochar can increase vegetable yield,improve vegetable quality,promote vegetable P absorption,and increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer.

关 键 词：改性生物炭 小白菜 产量 品质 吸磷量 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] X171.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]