日本和缅甸关于战争赔偿的交涉  

Negotiations between Japan and Burma over the War Reparations Issue

作　　者：史勤 Shi Qin

机构地区：[1]厦门大学南洋研究院

出　　处：《世界历史》2018年第5期81-94,158,159,共16页World History

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地厦门大学东南亚研究中心课题"冷战时期中国与东南亚关系编年史"(批准文号:18JJD770002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在二战后的战争赔偿问题之解决上,日本与缅甸成为首批创造性地适用《旧金山和约》赔偿条款的国家。在缅甸并非《旧金山和约》缔约国的情况下,日本在前期接触中做出让步,令广义的《旧金山和约》劳务赔偿原则成为双方的谈判基础。随后的正式谈判中,日本提出经济合作与赔偿一体化方案,并同意载入赔偿再协商条款,满足了缅甸的平等待遇要求,遂完成谈判。以此为范例,日本同东南亚建立起以赔偿与经济合作为纽带的政治经济关系。这一纽带,因为其补偿性质而改善了日本与东南亚国家关系,也因为其逐利的目标而为此后东南亚反对日本经济入侵埋下了伏笔。同时,日本沿着美国分离中日经济关系之路,加强同东南亚关系,令亚太两极格局走向固化。In order to resolve the issue of war reparations after the Second World War,Japan and Burma reached a creative solution based on the San Francisco Peace Treaty.This was the first successful case in Asia to resolve such issue.Burma was not a signatory to that treaty,Japan therefore expanded the explanation of the principle of‘services in production,salvaging and other work’.The new explanation,a concession made by Japan when it met Burma at the first stage,became the foundation for the negotiations between the two sides.During the final negotiations,Japan proposed a solution with economic cooperation as well as Equality Clause in order to satisfy the demands of Burma on equal treatment.Finally,two countries signed a bilateral agreement to settle the war reparations issue.Taking it as a successful emulation,Japan rebuilt the political and economic relationships with the Southeast Asian countries by developing an integrated plan containing both war reparations and economic cooperation.This,on the one hand,improved the relationships between Japan and the Southeast Asian countries because of the compensatory nature of the war reparations.On the other hand,Japanese intended to gain economic interests through the war reparations,incurring the subsequent opposition of Southeast Asia against Japan s economic invasion.In addition,along with the U.S.strategy of dividing the economic relations between China and Japan,Japan strengthened the ties with Southeast Asia,which led to the solidification of the bipolar international system in the Asian-Pacific region.

关 键 词：旧金山和约 缅甸 日本 战争赔偿 经济合作 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学]