不同灌溉方式下养分配置对冬小麦灌浆期光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Nutrient Allocation on Photosynthetic Characteristics during Filling Period and Yield of Winter Wheat under Different Irrigation Method Conditions

作　　者：潘晓莹[1,2] 武继承 杨永辉[1,2] 何方 张洁梅[1,2] 王越 PAN Xiaoying;WU Jicheng;YANG Yonghui;HE Fang;ZHANG Jiemei;WANG Yue(Institute of Plant Nutrition&Resource Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use,Ministry of Agriculture,Yuanyang 453514,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测实验站,河南原阳453514

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2018年第10期21-26,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301102);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目(2013BAD07B07-6);河南省重点研发与推广专项(182102110060);商品粮大省奖励资金项目(YNK20177518)

摘　　要：为了探索冬小麦的最佳灌溉方式、养分配置组合模式,以百农207为试验材料,研究喷灌、移动喷灌、小白龙灌溉3种灌溉方式及不同养分配置对冬小麦旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率及产量的影响。结果表明,与一次性底施相比,底施+追施可有效提高冬小麦净光合速率和产量,喷灌、移动喷灌、小白龙灌溉3种灌溉方式下产量分别提高4.19%~5.55%、5.90%~8.01%、4.13%~7.97%。喷灌处理冬小麦光合特性和产量总体上优于移动喷灌和小白龙灌溉处理,其中产量总体表现为喷灌>移动喷灌>小白龙灌溉。喷灌方式下,产量以T8处理(底施N_(28)P_(15)K_5375 kg/hm^2+底施控释肥300 kg/hm^2+追施N 75 kg/hm^2)最高,达10 360.05 kg/hm^2;净光合速率以T7处理最大,达19.41μmol/(m^2·s),T8处理次之,两者差异不显著;气孔导度以T7处理最大,随后依次为T2、T8处理,三者间差异均不显著;胞间二氧化碳浓度以T7处理最低,其余处理间差异均不显著;蒸腾速率以T1处理最低,其余处理间差异均不显著。综合分析,冬小麦最佳的灌溉方式、养分配置组合模式为喷灌+底施N_(28)P_(15)K_5375 kg/hm^2+底施控释肥300 kg/hm^2+追施N 75 kg/hm^2。In order to explore the best irrigation method and nutrient allocation combination pattern for winter wheat,the effects of three kinds of irrigation methods(sprinkling irrigation,mobile sprinkler irrigation and small white dragon irrigation)and different nutrient allocation on flag leaf net photosynthesis rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO 2 concentration,transpiration rate and grain yield were studied with Bainong 207 as experimental material.The results showed that compared with single basal application treatment,basal application+top dressing treatment could effectively improve the net photosynthesis rate and yield of winter wheat,the yield of sprinkling irrigation,mobile sprinkler irrigation and small white dragon irrigation treatments increased by 4.19%-5.55%,5.90%-8.01%,4.13%-7.97%,respectively.The photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sprinkling irrigation treatment comprehensive were better than those of mobile sprinkler irrigation and small white dragon irrigation treatments,the order of winter wheat yield was sprinkling irrigation>mobile sprinkler irrigation>small white dragon irrigation.Under sprinkler irrigation condition,the yield of T8 treatment(basal N 28 P 15 K 5 of 375 kg/ha+basal controlled-release fertilizer of 300 kg/ha+top dressing N of 75 kg/ha)was the highest,which was 10 360.05 kg/ha;the net photosynthesis rate of T7 treatment was the highest,which was 19.41μmol/(m 2·s),followed by T8 treatment,there was no significant difference between them;the stomatal conductance of T7 treatment was the highest,followed by T2,T8 treatments,there was no significant difference among them;the intercellular CO 2 concentration of T7 treatment was the lowest,there was no significant difference among the other treatments;the transpiration rate of T1 treatment was the lowest,there was no significant difference among the other treatments.According to comprehensive analysis,the best combination of irrigation mode and nutrient allocation was sprinkler irrigation+basal N 28 P 15 K 5 of 375 kg/ha+ba

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌溉方式 养分配置 光合特性 产量 相关性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]