施锌和遮阴对花生叶片生理特性、光合性能及产量的影响  

Effects of Zinc Fertilizer and Shade on Physiological Characteristics,Photosynthetic Performance in Leaf and Yield of Peanut

作　　者：司贤宗[1] 张翔[1] 索炎炎[1] 毛家伟[1] 李亮[1] 余琼[1] 王亚宁[1] 李国平[1] 余辉 SI Xianzong;ZHANG Xiang;SUO Yanyan;MAO Jiawei;LI Liang;YU Qiong;WANG Yaning;LI Guoping;YU Hui(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resource and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002,China;Zhengyang Institute of Peanut,Zhengyang 463600,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]正阳县花生研究所,河南正阳463600

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2018年第10期52-56,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省花生产业技术体系耕作栽培岗位专项(S2012-05-G02);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金;河南省重大科技攻关项目(122101110600);河南省基础与前沿研究计划项目(162300410146)

摘　　要：采用大田裂区随机区组试验,研究了施用锌肥和盛花期后遮阴对花生叶片生理特性、光合性能及产量的影响,为花生抗逆减灾、高产稳产提供技术支撑。结果表明,与不施锌肥相比,施用锌肥能显著增加花生叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,降低过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性;提高结荚期叶片净光合速率、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率,降低叶片气孔导度;花生荚果产量平均增加874.5 kg/hm^2,增产率为19.4%。相同施锌水平下,随着遮阴程度的增加,花生叶片CAT、SOD、APX活性均呈增加趋势;花生叶片净光合速率、胞间CO_2浓度和蒸腾速率呈降低趋势,而气孔导度呈增加趋势。遮阴时,不施锌肥处理和施用锌肥处理的花生产量较不遮阴平均降低17.0%和10.0%。综合分析,本试验条件下,施用七水硫酸锌30 kg/hm^2能增强花生的抗寡照的能力,改善花生农艺性状,显著增产,最高荚果产量为5 773.5 kg/hm^2。To provide technical support on stress tolerance,high and stable yield of peanut,the field experiment were conducted to study the effects of zinc fertilizer and shade on physiological characteristics,photosynthetic performance in leaf and yield of peanut with split-plot randomized block design.The results showed that,applying zinc fertilizer could significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity,decreased activeity of catalase and ascorbic acid peroxidase;improved net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate,reduced stomatal conductance of leaf,increased peanut pod yield by 874.5 kg/ha(19.4%)in average,compared with no zinc fertilizer.In the same zinc level,as the shade degree increasing,activity of catalase,superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid in peanut leaf increased;net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate of peanut leaf were decreased,while its stomatal conductance was increased.Pod yield of peanut was decreased by 17.0%and 10.1%under no zinc fertilizer applied and zinc fertilizer applied conditions compared no shade treatment,respectively.In a word,zinc(ZnSO 4·7H 2O)application to peanut of 30 kg/ha increased resistance to less-light,ameliorated agronomic characteristics and improved pod yield(5 773.5 kg/ha)in our experiment conditions.

关 键 词：花生 锌肥 遮阴 叶片 生理特性 光合性能 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S156.2