俄罗斯经济转型与增长的教训:政治经济学批判  

Lessonsfrom Russia's Economic Transition and Growth:A Critique of Political Economy

作　　者：徐坡岭[1] Xu Poling

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2018年第5期1-12,154,共13页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：俄罗斯从计划经济转向市场经济的过程,是一个充满危机和动荡的过程。尽管在普京2000年出任总统后,俄罗斯社会政治和经济秩序逐渐稳定,并且借助有利的世界石油市场行情实现了较长时间的经济增长,但2008年金融危机和2015年经济危机暴露了俄罗斯在宏观经济政策和经济增长路径方面的问题,这些问题在表面上看是资源依赖和去工业化,从深层次上看,则包括物质生产部门产出能力的下降和国民经济技术基础的破坏。这些问题的严重性和顽固性不是短期内能够解决的。俄罗斯经济转型引发的危机和经济增长中的这些问题从经济学逻辑看好像是经济性的,但从政治经济学角度看,它们在很大程度上是政治性的。无论是叶利钦意识形态导向的转型目标设定和转型策略选择,还是普京的强国战略和在社会经济模式上向福利社会的转向,都是一种政治性决策。俄罗斯转型路径和增长模式中的政治性因素是造成一系列问题的根源。The process of Russia’s transition from planned economy to market economy is a process of crisis and turmoil.After Putin took over the presidency in 2000,Russia’s political and economic order gradually stabilized and Russia achieved a long period of economic growth with the help of the favorable world oil market.Nevertheless,the financial crisis in 2008 and the economic crisis in 2015 exposed some problems on its macroeconomic policy and economic growth path.These problems seemed to be related to resource dependence and deindustrialization.From a deeper perspective,the reason lied in the decline in the material production sector’s output capacity and the destruction of the national economic base.Because of the seriousness and intractability,these problems cannot be solved in the short term.From the perspective of economic logic,the problems arising from Russia’s economic transition crisis and economic growth seemed to be economical,but from a political economic point of view,they were largely political.Whether it was Yeltsin’ideology-oriented transition goal setting and strategy choice,or Putin’s strong country strategy and the shift to welfare society over its socio-economic pattern,ultimately it was a political decision.The political factors in Russia’s transition path and growth model were the root causes of a series of problems.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 经济转型 经济增长 政治经济学 

分 类 号：F151.2[经济管理—世界经济]