城市化对平原河网水系结构及功能的影响——以苏州市为例  

Effect of urbanization on the river network structure and functions——A case study in Suzhou City

作　　者：林芷欣 许有鹏[1] 代晓颖 王强[1] 袁甲 LIN Zhixin;XU Youpeng;DAI Xiaoying;WANG Qiang;YUAN Jia(School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2018年第6期1722-1731,共10页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研发计划项目(2016YFC0401502);国家自然科学基金项目(41771032);江苏水利基金重大项目(2015003)联合资助

摘　　要：针对城市化对平原河网水系结构的影响所引起的洪涝灾害频发等一系列水文问题,以我国典型平原河网地区苏州市为例,根据不同城市化程度分为主城区、市辖区、其他市县区,基于1991、2001和2015年三期遥感影像与1960s、1980s和2010s三个时期的水系数据,应用RS/GIS等技术,构建水系结构参数指标,重点探讨了城市化对河网水系结构及功能的影响.结果表明:城镇用地迅速增长,主要以牺牲水田、水域等土地利用方式为代价,到2015年全区城镇用地面积所占比重已达到41.35%,土地利用类型的变化规律与城市化进程的差异性保持一致;水系结构变化主要受城市化影响,且基本与城市化进程呈现同步性.近50年来,全区的水面率、河网密度、支流发育系数、主干河流面积长度比、河网复杂度和河网结构稳定度分别减少了19.63%、6.91%、7.34%、1.06%、5.49%和7.87%,城市化水平与各指数均呈负相关关系;人类活动不仅直接影响河流功能,也间接地通过改变平原河网的水系结构导致其功能发生改变,如河网调蓄能力下降、河流生态功能受损等.该研究为城市化地区河流水系保护及防洪减灾提供参考与理论支撑.This paper centers on a series of urban hydrological problems like flood and waterlogging disasters resulting from the impacts of urbanization on river network structure.In this paper,Suzhou City,one of the typical plain river network areas in China,is taken as an object of the study.Based on different stages of urbanization,Suzhou City is divided into main urban district,municipal district and other county-level district.This research conducts both qualitative and quantitative analysis with the help of the remote sensing images in 1991,2001 and 2015,as well as the stream data in 1960s,1980s and 2010s,focusing on the influence of urbanization on the river network structure and functions.The study shows that:With the rapid development of urbanization,urban space continues to expand at the expense of farmland and water area primarily.The proportion of urban land in Suzhou City has reached 41.35%by 2015.The change rules of land-use type are basically consistent with different stages of urbanization.The change of river system structure is mainly affected by urbanization,which remains synchronized with such process.In the past 50 years,water rate,drainage density,tributary development coefficient,river area length ratio,drainage complexity,and drainage network structure stability have decreased by 19.63%,6.91%,7.34%,1.06%,5.49%and 7.87%,respectively in Suzhou City.Also,there exists negative correlations between urbanization level and each index.Human activities not only directly affect the functions of rivers,but also change the functions of rivers indirectly by changing the river system structure of the plain river network.The study serves as reference and theoretical support for the protection of river system and the flood control in urban areas.

关 键 词：城市化 河网水系结构 河流功能 苏州市 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学] F299.27[水利工程—水文学及水资源]