族群建构与国家治理:试论尼泊尔的政治权力再分配改革  

Ethnic-building and National Governance:A Case Study of the Political Power Distribution Reform in Nepal

作　　者：张敦伟 Zhang Dunwei

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300071

出　　处：《区域与全球发展》2018年第3期126-142,159,160,共19页Area Studies and Global Development

摘　　要：从1990年到2015年,尼泊尔经历过多次严峻的国内危机,如尼共(毛主义)武装斗争、族群问题以及政治不稳定等。本文认为,高度的政治权力收束与族群建构问题的交织,是尼泊尔频繁爆发危机与冲突的根源。换而言之,高度收束的政治权力是尼泊尔国内政治文化与治理结构的直接产物,它将政治权力过多地交由精英势力控制,进而导致治理失效与国家失序。本文的结论是,政治权力的适当下放,稳定的包容性政策以及有效的问责机制建设,可能更有利于尼泊尔的族群建构与国家稳定。From 1990 to 2015,Nepal experienced many severe domestic crises,such as the Communist Party(Maoist)rebellion,ethnic groups and political instability.This series of conflicts and difficulties have slowed down the domestic transformation process of Nepal.Therefore,the concern of this article is why Nepal had so many political problems and ethnic conflicts in this period.What measures will the Nepalese government take in the future to avoid the similar risks?This paper argues that the interweaving of high political power and ethnic group construction is the root cause of frequent crises and conflicts in Nepal.In other words,the political power of high contraction is a direct result of the domestic political culture and governance structure in Nepal.It subjects the political power to the control of the elite,which leads to the failure of governance and the disorder of the state.The conclusion of this paper is that the proper decentralization of political power,the stable policy of inclusiveness and the construction of effective accountability mechanism may be more beneficial to Nepal’s ethnic-building and national stability.

关 键 词：族群建构 国家治理 权力收束 再分配改革 

分 类 号：D50[政治法律—政治学]