长期施肥对黑土玉米田钾素Q/I特性的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Potassium Q/I in Cropping Maize

作　　者：武俊男 刘昱辛 王天野 高强[1,2] 吴海燕 刘淑霞[1,2] WU Junnan;LIU Yuxin;WANG Tianye;GAO Qiang;WU Haiyan;LIU Shuxia(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, Changchun 130118,China;Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130124,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,吉林长春130118 [3]吉林省农业科学院,吉林长春130124

出　　处：《华北农学报》2018年第5期181-187,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：吉林省自然基金项目(20170101077JC);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20160307006NY)

摘　　要：为了了解长期施肥对黑土玉米田土壤钾素养分动态平衡的影响,以黑土玉米田长期定位施肥试验(1984-2015年)为平台,运用振荡法研究了不同施肥对玉米田黑土钾素Q/I曲线特性、供钾容量、供钾强度和钾潜在缓冲容量的影响。结果表明,长期不同施肥处理黑土钾素的容量-强度(Q/I)曲线与典型的Q/I曲线相类似;不同施肥处理间Q/I曲线呈现出类似的形状,都是由曲线和直线两部分组成。施肥可以增加玉米田黑土中供钾容量(-ΔK_0)和供钾强度(AReK),降低玉米田黑土钾潜在缓冲容量(PBCK),氮磷钾配施高量秸秆的处理(NPK+S0. 5)黑土-ΔK_0值最高,为0. 167 9 cmol/kg,AReK值也是在NPK+S0. 5处理下最高,为1. 718 5×10^(-3)(cmol/kg)^(-1/2);然而,PBCK值最小,为97. 7(mg/kg)/(cmol/kg)1/2,施用钾肥和秸秆对增加玉米田土壤中-ΔK_0值和AReK值、降低PBCK值效果较为明显。相关性分析表明,黑土-ΔK_0值和AReK值与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效钾含量存在着极显著的正相关(P <0.01),而PBCK值恰好相反。总体而言,化肥配施秸秆对土壤的理化性质及-ΔK_0值、AReK值和PBCK值都有较大的影响,既可以增加土壤养分,又可以增加土壤供钾能力。因此,合理施肥有利于提高土壤钾素营养的供应能力,提高作物产量和品质。In order to understand the effect of long-term fertilization on the dynamic balance of potassium nutrients in black soil corn fields.We based on the long-term fertilization experiment(1984-2015)in black soil corn field,the effects of different fertilization treatments on the characteristics of Q/I curve and the parameters(potassium supply capacity,potassium supply potential and potassium buffer capacity)of black soil in maize field were studied.The results showed that long-term different fertilizer treatments of black soil potassium Q/I curve and typical Q/I curve was similar.Q/I curve among different fertilizer treatments presented a similar shape.It consisted of two parts:curve and straight line.Fertilization could increase in the black soil-ΔK 0 value and ARe K value,reduced the black earth PBC K value,treatment of NPK with high straw content(NPK+S 0.5)black soil-ΔK 0 value of up to 0.167 9 cmol/kg,ARe K value was also the highest under NPK+S 0.5 treatment 1.718 5×10-3(cmol/kg)-1/2.However,the PBC K value was the smallest,which was 97.7(mg/kg)/(cmol/kg)1/2.Applying potassium fertilizer and straw was more effective in increasing the-ΔK 0 and ARe K values and decreasing the PBC K value in the corn field soil.The correlation analysis showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between black soil-ΔK 0 and ARe K values and soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and available potassium content(P<0.01),and PBC K values were exactly the opposite.In general,chemical fertilizers combined with straw had a great influence on the physicochemical properties of the soil and the-ΔK 0 value,ARe K value and PBC K value.It could not only increase soil nutrients,but also increase soil potassium supply capacity.Therefore,reasonable fertilization will help increase the supply capacity of soil potassium nutrition and increase crop yield and quality.

关 键 词：长期施肥 玉米田土壤 Q/I特性 供钾能力 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S143.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]