新任务与旧传统:扫盲运动中的图像修辞策略  

New Task and Old Tradition: Image Rhetoric Strategy in the Anti-Illiteracy Campaign of the People's Republic of China

作　　者：李晓愚[1] LI Xiaoyu

机构地区：[1]南京大学新闻传播学院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第10期36-48,共13页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"视觉修辞的理论;方法与应用研究"(项目编号:17ZDA290)

摘　　要：在新中国成立初的扫盲运动中产生了一批以"识字"为题材的绘画。这些画作的类型虽然不同,有国画、油画、年画、宣传画等,但几乎都采用了"女儿教母亲识字"这一程式。本文运用图像学的方法,对这些画作中共有的元素如"农村妇女"、"书本"、"戴红领巾的女孩"、"怀抱中的婴儿"等象征寓意进行了分析,指出它们如何借鉴、改造甚至颠覆了中国画中的传统图式。通过这些既"先进"又"传统"的图画,我们可以窥见政府在扫盲运动中如何用"非政治"的艺术手段有效地传递社会主义思想,如何纾解现代化进程与传统伦理的矛盾,如何在表现国家意志的同时兼顾民众的趣味与偏好。A large number of paintings with the theme of“learning to read”were produced during the Anti-Illiteracy Campaign in the early period of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Although the types of these paintings were different(traditional Chinese painting,oil painting,New Year painting,poster,etc.),they have adopted the shared schema:a daughter taught her mother to read.This article will make an iconographic study of the common elements in these paintings,including“the rural woman”,“the book”,“the girl with the red scarf”and“the baby in arms”.By examining these“advanced”yet“traditional”paintings,we are supposed to understand the government’s pictorial strategies to effectively mobilize the masses,and to relieve the contradiction between the modernization and the traditional ethics.

关 键 词：扫盲运动 读书图 图像学 视觉修辞 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]